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Flashcards in Unionism Deck (25)
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1
Q

Cooperative movement

A

Primary aim is to promote the welfare of its members by working together in pursuit of mutual progress

2
Q

Master and servant act

A

1823

3
Q

What did John Doherty do?

A

Formed the grand General Union of the operative spinners in 1829 to get better rights

4
Q

Why were workers unhappy in the early 19th century

A

High food prices, machines replace men, common land stolen

5
Q

Similarities between trade unions and cooperative movement

A

Better pay and conditions, pay for membership, working class organisations

6
Q

Differences between trade unions and cooperative movement

A

Trade unions more forceful,trade unions relied on charity of workforce, trade unions not government approved (until combinations repeal 1824)

7
Q

Why were the cooperative movement more successful than trade unions?

A

Earned their own money, over 2,000,000 members by 1900, any job type allowed, only £1 for membership which even the poor could afford

8
Q

Why did the government introduce the 1793 friendly societies act?

A

Regulate emerging groups to keep threat low

9
Q

Why was it a good thing for workers?

A

They could join a society without fear of reprisals

10
Q

What percentage of people were in a friendly society by 1803?

A

8%

11
Q

Who couldn’t join a friendly society?

A

Poor people as they couldn’t pay

12
Q

New model unionism

A

Large scale unions of skilled workers who used more conservative methods of negotiation rather than militarism

13
Q

Speenhamland system

A

1795- outdoor relief based on the price of bread and the amount of children

14
Q

Reasons for poor law amendment act

A

Costs- (speenhamland system was very expensive due to corn laws raising price)
Utilitarianism- prioritising the needs of the many which wasn’t happening at the time
Attitude changes to poor- the poor should look after themselves

15
Q

What did the poor law amendment act do?

A

Removed outdoor relief
Use of punishing workhouses
Grouping of parishes to manage workhouses
Creation of central board to oversee the system

16
Q

Who managed the new poor law?

A

Poor law commission of three commissioners- Thomas frank land, George Nicholls, JG shaw-lefevre

17
Q

Andover workhouse scandal

A

1845- run by an ex-Sargent Mcdougal like a prison. Inmates are with fingers, separation, breaking bones all day, very little food meant bones were taken to eaten the rotten flesh off

18
Q

Impact of the scandal

A

System was changed to poor law board and brought more under government control

19
Q

When was the ASE founded?

A

1851

20
Q

How important were the ASE?

A

Over 1 million members in 1874
Helped London builders achieve their goal
Binding together of smaller unions

21
Q

Government response to new model unionism

A

Thought it was better as it was a less violent approach and offered a means for compromise

22
Q

Who were the Rochdale pioneers?

A

28 people who set up a cooperative shop in 1844 which gave a model to cooperative business

23
Q

Principles of the Rochdale pioneers

A

Money should be provided by themselves and best a fixed rate of interest
Only the best should be given to members
Elected leaders who manage
Some profit goes to education

24
Q

What was the trades Union congress

A

A grouping of unions which gave them more power by using one voice

25
Q

How did the government suppress trade unions?

A

1799 combinations acts- organisation of unions illegal
1823 master and servant act- breaking a contract meant imprisonment meaning no strikes
1797 unlawful oaths act- banned swearing an oath in a union