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Flashcards in Types of Molecules Deck (14)
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1
Q

Which group make carbohydrates soluble in water?

A

Hydroxyl groups

2
Q

Purines

A
  • Adenine

- Guanine

3
Q

Pyrimidines

A
  • Cytosine

- Thymine

4
Q

3 hydrogen bonds

A

Guanine and cytosine

5
Q

2 hydrogen bonds

A

Adenine and thymine

6
Q

Consist of carbon and hydrogen chain with acidic carboxyl group

A

Fatty acids

7
Q
  • Present in the blood
  • Synthesized in the liver
  • Stored in adipose tissue
A

Triglycerides

8
Q
  • 3rd hydroxyl group is linked to phosphate
  • Small polar or ionised nitrogen-containing molecule is attached to phosphate
  • Amphipathic
A

Phospholipids

9
Q
  • 4 interconnected rings of carbon atoms

- Not water soluble

A

Steroids

10
Q

Amino acid subunits

A
  • Contains amino, carboxyl and carbon group
  • A peptide bond forms between carboxyl group and amino group by dehydration
  • Essential amino acids must be obtained in diet
11
Q

Primary structure

A

Determined by polypeptide chain

12
Q
  • Attractions between regions along polypeptide chain
  • Hydrogen bonds between peptide bonds force the chain into alpha-helix
  • When regions of chain run parallel to each other, hydrogen bonds between peptide bonds from beta-pleated sheet
  • Allow protein to anchor itself into a lipid bilayer
A

Secondary structure

13
Q
  • Associations between additional amino acid side chains
  • Fold polypeptide into 3D conformation
  • 5 factors
    * Hydrogen bonds
    * Ionic bonds
    * Attraction between nonpolar regions
    * Covalent disulphide bonds
    * Van der Waals forces
A

Tertiary structure

14
Q
  • Multimeric proteins
  • Chains held together by interactions between ionised, polar and nonpolar side chains and covalent disulphide covalent bonds
A

Quaternary structure