Tubular Processes, Concentration, Na Balance Flashcards Preview

Renal - Caprio > Tubular Processes, Concentration, Na Balance > Flashcards

Flashcards in Tubular Processes, Concentration, Na Balance Deck (46)
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1
Q

ACE

A

Angiotensin Converting enzyme (in lungs) I -> II + III

2
Q

What does Renin Catalyze

A

Angiotensinogen -> Angiotensin I

3
Q

_____ GFR favors resorption by increasing oncotic P and decreasing hydrostatic P in the Peritubular capillaries

A

increasing

4
Q

What happens when salt intake exceeds normal limits

A

Need to excrete Na. ECF increases, Oncotic P in PTC decreases, hydrostatic P increases. Results in less water and sodium reabsorption in PTC.

5
Q

How does aldosterone cause increased Na reabsorption?

A
  1. more Na channels
  2. more Na/K ATPases
  3. More ATP!
    via mRNA
6
Q

Aldosterone is known as the

A

Sodium Reclimation hormone

7
Q

Hypercalcemia stimulates

A

aldosterone release

8
Q

diet/acidosis -> inc. K ->?

A

inc. Angiotensin II -> ACTH -> inc. Aldosterone ->

* *Na reabsorption in PT and DT and K secretion in DT only (principle cells)**

9
Q

What produces and secretes renin?

A

granular cells

10
Q

what causes granular cells to secrete renin?

A

dec. Na

11
Q

when atria sense inc. ECF volume

A

ANF increases

12
Q

What is a proxy for overall [Na]?

A

Cl

13
Q

Osmolality is highest at the

A

end of the descending loop of Henle

14
Q

The strategy of the Medulla is to get solutes to the _____ and deliver dilute urine to the _____.

A

Medulla; Cortex

15
Q

Descending loop is permeable to

A

water

16
Q

No ADH -> _____ urine

A

hypotonic

17
Q

ADH only increases the permeability of the _______ to urea

A

Inner Medulla and Collecting Duct

18
Q

tx for hypertension (& congestive heart failure)

A

ACE inhibitors

19
Q

baroreceptors in afferent arteriole detect

A

ECF Volume

20
Q

This is released in response to increased ECF volume

A

ANP

21
Q

How to deal with patients in Congestive heart failure, with edema?

A

Cardioactive drugs and Diuretics for the edema

22
Q

When theres low chloride delivered to the macula densa the renin secretion is

A

high

23
Q

ACE is located

A

in pulmonary circulation

24
Q

Angiotensin II is a _____ and thus will ______ Blood Pressure

A

vasoconstrictor; increase

25
Q

ANP is released from

A

cardiac atria, when they are physically stretched

26
Q

ANP is antagonist to

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system

27
Q

ANP is a

A

vasodilator

28
Q

Naturesis

A

more sodium EXCRETION

29
Q

ANP increases blood flow to

A

the medulla!

30
Q

ANP stands for

A

Atrial Naturetic Peptide

31
Q

What do you loose during vomiting?

A

K, H, Cl, and fluid volume (hypokalemia, alkalosis, hypochloremia, dehydration)

32
Q

What is the metabolic priority post-vomiting

A

resolve hypokalemia

33
Q

How do Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors work as diuretics?

A

Prevent Na-H antiporter from being able to transport as much Na into the cell at the apical membrane.

34
Q

Diffusion Trapping

A

mechanism by which ammonia picks up a H+ in the Collecting Duct and then can no longer freely diffuse across the membrane (into the medullary interstitium) and is thus trapped in the urine/lumen of the Collecting Duct.

35
Q

high blood pressure causes GFR to

A

increase

36
Q

What forms the urogenital ridge?

A

intermediate mesoderm

37
Q

what becomes the adult kidney?

A

metanephros

38
Q

where does metanephros arise from?

A

ureteric bud of caudal mesonephric duct and metanephric blastema

39
Q

What does the ureteric buds become?

A

entire collecting system of kidney

40
Q

What does the metanephric blastema become?

A

excretory system (corpuscle, convolutes tubes and loops of Henle)

41
Q

In definitive kidney, there is active ___________ during fetal life

A

urine formation

42
Q

Controls amniotic fluid volume

A

definitive kidney

43
Q

Metanephros move from

A

pelvic region to abdominal region

44
Q

Kidney hilum starts ventrally and then

A

rotates 90 degrees to face medially

45
Q

urinary abnormalities

A

renal agenesis, ectoptic kidney, horseshoe kidney (kidneys lie over aorta), congenital cystic kidney

46
Q

what breed is predisposed to congenital cystic kidney

A

persian cats