TTR Flashcards

1
Q

marker expressed in yolk sac tumors

A

AFP

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2
Q

distinguishable features of leydig cell tumor

A

reinke cells

eosinophilic inclusions

androgens - gynecomastia

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3
Q

symptoms of porstatitis

A

same as regular cystitis but with lower back pain

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4
Q

lower back pain and elevated PSA and ALP are indicative of…

A

prostatic adenocarcinoma – possible osteoblastic mets

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5
Q

several bouts of balanitis can lead to….

A

phimosis

balanitis - inflammation of glans or foreskin of penis; lots of inflammation can scar the foreskin/glans and cause phimosis(narrowing of opening due to scarred foreskin)

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6
Q

risk factors for developing testicular GCTs

A

kleinfelter’s and cryptorchidism

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7
Q

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

A

precursor to prostatic adenocarcinoma;

just monitor PSA but only 1/3 develop adenocarcinoma in 10 years

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8
Q

signs of placental abruption

A

painful vaginal bleeding in 2nd/3rd trimester; contractions may also be present

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9
Q

maternal risk factors for preterm baby

A

history

poles of ages

AA

cigarette, cocaine

malformation of uterus

chronic maternal diseases(diabetes)

incomplete prenatal care

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10
Q

pregnancy related risk factors for preterm baby

A

infection - chorioamnionitis

pre-eclampsia

cervical incompitence

placenta previa, abruption

multiple gestation

oligo or polyhydramnios

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11
Q

cerebral palsy

A

permanent brain damage resulting in problems with motor, balance and posture

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12
Q

tocolytic agents

A

magnesium sulfate

nifedipine

indomethacin

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13
Q

contraindications to tocolysis

A

infection

significant vaginal bleeding

fetal distress

after 34 weeks

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14
Q

management of preterm labor

A

tocolysis - mag, nifedipine, indomethacin

steroids - betamethasone, progesterone

neuroprotection - mag

antibiotics - GBS prophylaxis(ampicillin)

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15
Q

signs of pprom

A

preterm premature rupture of membranes

pooling of fluid in the vagina

nitrazine + – vagina is alkaline!

ferning - amniotic fluids got lots of salts so drys like a fern

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16
Q

management of pprom

A

abx

betamethasone

tocolysis until steroids are done

deliver if chorioamnionitis suspected or its after 34 weeks

17
Q

preeclampsia definition

A

HTN(140/90) after 20 weeks gestation WITH

EITHER

proteinuria

OR

thrombocytopenia or renal insufficiency or impaired liver enzymes

18
Q

why da vagina bleeding during pregnancy?

A

vulvar, vaginal trauma

cervical polyps or cancer

placenta previa

placental abruption

morbidly attached placenta - accreta, increta, percreta

19
Q

premature ovarian failure

A

premature atresia of ovarian follicles in women of reproductive age!

decreased estrogen, increased LH and FSH!

20
Q

oncocytoma

A

benign renal tumor of epithelial cells

gross: large tan mass with central scar
histo: eosinophilic cells with lots of mitochondria

21
Q

ovarian fibroma distinguishing feature

A

meigs syndrome

ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax

Meig OVAR does it on the FIBR

22
Q

tumor markers for dysgerminoma

histo?

A

dysgerminoma = malignant ovarian tumor of egg-like cells(GCT)

hCG and LDH are tumor markers

histo is shets of uniform “fried egg” appearance

23
Q

leiomyoma

A

fibroids!

benign smooth muscle tumor

can cause bleeding or miscarriage

increase in size during pregnancy then decrease after