TTR Flashcards
marker expressed in yolk sac tumors
AFP
distinguishable features of leydig cell tumor
reinke cells
eosinophilic inclusions
androgens - gynecomastia
symptoms of porstatitis
same as regular cystitis but with lower back pain
lower back pain and elevated PSA and ALP are indicative of…
prostatic adenocarcinoma – possible osteoblastic mets
several bouts of balanitis can lead to….
phimosis
balanitis - inflammation of glans or foreskin of penis; lots of inflammation can scar the foreskin/glans and cause phimosis(narrowing of opening due to scarred foreskin)
risk factors for developing testicular GCTs
kleinfelter’s and cryptorchidism
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
precursor to prostatic adenocarcinoma;
just monitor PSA but only 1/3 develop adenocarcinoma in 10 years
signs of placental abruption
painful vaginal bleeding in 2nd/3rd trimester; contractions may also be present
maternal risk factors for preterm baby
history
poles of ages
AA
cigarette, cocaine
malformation of uterus
chronic maternal diseases(diabetes)
incomplete prenatal care
pregnancy related risk factors for preterm baby
infection - chorioamnionitis
pre-eclampsia
cervical incompitence
placenta previa, abruption
multiple gestation
oligo or polyhydramnios
cerebral palsy
permanent brain damage resulting in problems with motor, balance and posture
tocolytic agents
magnesium sulfate
nifedipine
indomethacin
contraindications to tocolysis
infection
significant vaginal bleeding
fetal distress
after 34 weeks
management of preterm labor
tocolysis - mag, nifedipine, indomethacin
steroids - betamethasone, progesterone
neuroprotection - mag
antibiotics - GBS prophylaxis(ampicillin)
signs of pprom
preterm premature rupture of membranes
pooling of fluid in the vagina
nitrazine + – vagina is alkaline!
ferning - amniotic fluids got lots of salts so drys like a fern