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Flashcards in Trematodes Deck (43)
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1
Q

Name the genus and species of the trematode commonly known as the Chinese Liver Fluke.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

2
Q

Name the genus and species of the trematode known as the Sheep Liver Fluke.

A

Fasciola hepatica.

3
Q

Name the genus and species of the trematode known as the Lung Fluke.

A

Paragonimus westermani

4
Q

This trematode may encyst in the lungs and produce eggs that can be detected in sputum and stool.

A

Paragonimus westermani

5
Q

Infections with this trematode are commonly acquired by ingestion of raw or poorly cooked crabs or crayfish.

A

Paragonimus westermani

6
Q

This group of trematodes are very difficult to distinguish in the egg stage. You might receive a lab report naming them all.

A

Clonorchis sinensis – Liver; Opisthorchis felineus – Liver; Opisthorchis viverini – Liver; Metagonimus yokogawai – intestine; Heterophyes heterophyes – intestine

7
Q

These two trematodes are known as blood flukes, their eggs are found in stool specimens.

A

Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosoma japonicum;Their eggs are laid in the blood vessels near the intestinal wall, and eventually work their way into the stool.

8
Q

This trematode is an exception to the “stool for O&P rule”. You want to examine urine to detect this infection.

A

Schistosoma hematobium

9
Q

Lack of this intermediate host precludes the establishment of Schistosome infection in the continental U.S.

A

Species of snail.

10
Q

Infection with this trematode is acquired by the direct penetration of human skin by the cercariae.

A

Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosoma hematobium; Schistosoma japonicum

11
Q

Ingestion of raw or poorly cooked infected fish can lead to infection with this trematode.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

12
Q

Ingestion of water plants containing metacercariae can lead to infection with this trematode.

A

Fasciola hepatica

13
Q

This trematode dissease is also call bilharzia.

A

Schistosomiasis

14
Q

Schistosomes are called blood flukes. The specimens used to diagnose schistosomes are stool and urine. Why don’t we collect blood since the worms live in blood vessels?

A

Female worms deposit eggs in the portal vessels and perivesical systems. These sharaply barbed eggs are pushed toward the lumen of the intestine (or bladder), break through and eggs sill into urine and fecal flow.

15
Q

Name schistosome(s) recovered from feces.

A

Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma japonicum

16
Q

Name schistosome(s) recovered from urine.

A

Schistosoma hematobium

17
Q

Which schistosome egg has: A: Large lateral spine B: Terminal spine C: Small, inconspicuous spine on lateral surface

A

A: Schistosoma mansoni has a large lateral spine. B: Schistosoma hematobium has a terminal spine. C: Schistosoma japonicum has an inconspicuous spine on lateral surface.

18
Q

These members of platyhelminthes (flatworms) penetrate snails and multiply in sporocysts to increase their numbers.

A

Schistosomes.

19
Q

Penetration of human skin by ceercariae which are species specific for another host (eg waterfowl) results in a condition known as……

A

Swimmer’s itch.

20
Q

True/False: The greatest pathology produced by Schistosoma mansoni is caused by adults consuming the blood of the host.

A

False. Adults produce many many eggs which are highly antigenic. The human body responds to this antigen and damages tissue. Eggs cut tissue and can lead to secondary bacterial infection. Eggs are the source of pathology.

21
Q

Gross, visible blood in the urine would cause you to add this parasite to your differential diagnosis.

A

Schistosoma hematobium

22
Q

This trematode is commonly known as the lung fluke.

A

Paragonimus westermani

23
Q

Ingestion of raw or poorly cooked crabs or crayfish can lead to infectin with this trematode.

A

Paragonimus westermani

24
Q

True/False: Lung flukes migrate in the human by flowing along with the bloodstream to the lungs where they settle out and encyst.

A

False. Immature flukes penetrate into the abdominal cavity, migrate to the lungs by penetrating the diaphragm and mature to adults. They can also migrate to other tissues - brain, muscle, liver, skin, testes, - but eggs can’t pass to the external environment from these sites so the eggs can go undetected.

25
Q

True/False: Trematodes (flukes) are exclusively parasites of internal organs.

A

False. Fasciolopsis buski, Heterophyes and Metagonimus are intestinal flukes. If you subscribe to the description of the intestine being a tube within a tube, then these flukes aren’t inhabiting internal organs.

26
Q

Name a parasite acquired by eating waterplants contaminated with metacercariae.

A

Fasciolopsis buski or Fasciola hepatica

27
Q

True/False: Fasciolopsis buski sucks blood from intestinal tissue and causes servere anemia.

A

False. Fasciolopsis buski attaches to epithelium, feeds on intestinal tissue. Light infections can cause intermittent diarrhea. Heavy infections can produce continuous diarrhea and hemorrhage. patients complain of abdominal pain - simulates peptic ulcer.

28
Q

What is the causative agent of sheep liver fluke infection?

A

Fasciola hepatica

29
Q

What is the genus and species of the Oriental Lung Fluke?

A

Paragonimus westermani

30
Q

Name the trematode egg that is characterized as having “wide shoulders”.

A

Paragonimus westermani

31
Q

Name parasitic infections (genus an species) I might acquire by eating raw or poorly cooked crab or crustaceans.

A

Paragonimus westermani

32
Q

What is the agent responsible for bilharzia?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

33
Q

Which trematode egg has a prominent lateral spine?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

34
Q

Which trematode egg has a terminal spine?

A

Schistosoma hematobium

35
Q

Which trematode egg has an inconspicuous spine?

A

Schistosoma japonicum

36
Q

What is the specimen of choice for Schistosoma hematobium?

A

Urine

37
Q

What is the specimen of choice for Schistosoma mansoni?

A

Stool for O&P.

38
Q

How are schistosomes acquired?

A

Direct penetration of larvae.

39
Q

Blood in the urine would be associated with which schistosome?

A

Schistosoma hematobium

40
Q

Pipe stem fibrosis may occur with which schistosome?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

41
Q

Name trematodes found in the blood stream.

A

Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma hematobium. (Their eggs can be found elsewhere. The adults are in the blood - hence the term blood flukes.)

42
Q

Name a trematode found in the liver.

A

Fasciola hepatica

43
Q

Name a trematode found in the lung.

A

Paragonimus westermani