Treatment of fungal infections Flashcards Preview

Micro Semester 2 > Treatment of fungal infections > Flashcards

Flashcards in Treatment of fungal infections Deck (9)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Systemic antifungal agents.

A

Amphotericin B. - Polyene

Azoles -
Imidazoles and Triazoles

Echinocandins

Antimetabolites

Allylamines - terbinafine

Griseofulvin

2
Q

Amphotericin B

mechanism and use.

A
the main Polyene class drug. 
the main antifungal for severe, systemic infections. 

Binds ergosterol in the fungal membrane and produces pores.

It also generates oxidative reactions and ROS when metabolized by the fungi.

It does also bind cholesterol weakly, and has some major side effects.

Nephrotoxicity, fever, myalgia, hypotension, bronchospasm.

Liposomal amphotericin B has better penetration and lower side effects but is more expensiv.e

3
Q

Azoles

mechanism

A

Inhibit Ergosterol synthesis, from lanosterol to ergosterol conversion

GI and liver toxicity

Aconazole
Ketokonazol
Itraconazol

4
Q

Terbinafine

mechanism

A

An allylamine
Inhibits Ergosterol syntehsis
From squalene.

5
Q

Nystatin

mechanism

A

Also a polyen

Only used topically, because it has very high toxicity when ingested.

6
Q

Echinocandins

name and mechanism

A

Capsofungin
Inhibit Beta-glucan synthase
Cell wall component.

7
Q

Anti-metabolite antifungal drugs

names and mechanism

A

Flucytosine

Forms 5-fluorouracil in the cytoplasm

Useful against
Candida
C. neoformans
S. cerevisiae

8
Q

Griseofulvin

mechanism and use

A

Oral agent used against dermatophytes, especially the onchynomycoses, because it accumulates in the keratin of nails and hair.

Inhibits microtubules of the fungal cells, thus blocking mitosis.

has GI side effects, diarrhea, nausea.

9
Q

What are the topical antifungal agents

A

Nystatin is only topical

Others can all also be given as topical agents.