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Flashcards in Transnational Governance Deck (24)
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1
Q

What was the difference between Paris and Kyoto?

A
  • Movement away from a blanket, single emission target to a more pledge and review purgative to be reviewed every 5 years
2
Q

What is in entailed in the shift from international policy to governance?

A
  • Government to governance
  • Multiple actors beyond the state are invovled
  • New characteristics: adaptive, participatory, cooperative, multi-scalar
3
Q

Definition of transnational climate change governance?

A

“When networks operating in the transitional sphere authoritatively steer constitutes towards public goals” (Andonova et al., 2009)

4
Q

What is Polycentrism?

A
  • Multiple, formally independent centres of decision making authority that operate at multiple scales (Cole, 2011)
  • Views decentralisation as positive with organizations operating at local scales with some degree of coordination (Abbott, 2011)
5
Q

What are the drivers of Transnational Climate Change governance?

A
  • Nature of CC creates political space for diverse actors in governance
  • Set within broader context of neoliberalisation and globalization
  • First wave led by public sector organisations
    • Post Copenhagen emergence of private sector
6
Q

What phrase by the Japanese Submission for 2006 COP exemplifies transnational climate change governance?

A

“Shouldn’t we be a little more humble to the awesome might of nature and human action and start exploring many more tools and strategies on top of the Kyoto’s tool box”

7
Q

Mechansims of TCCG arrangements?

A
  • Urban laboratory – ide that particular that part of city will implement particular projects around climate change initiatives
    • What works gets exported to other cities
    • Twinning of cities acts as transnational governance at the local level
  • Capacity building – strength, skills and resources that organisation need to adapt and develop, e.g. investment in green economy
8
Q

Geographies of TCCG?

A
  • Not a global phenomenon but has its own distinct geographies
  • Developed in Global North but implemented in the South
    • Carbon colonialism
9
Q

What is a regime complex?

A
  • Varied interest in Climate Change means that politics tend to form a regime complex rather than an integratd regime
    • More effective than a single integrated instrument
    • Creates more flexibility and adaptability
    • Positive feeback –> incentives a ‘race to the top’
  • UNFCC playing umbrella role to provide legal framework for legal setting, informationa and forum for negotiations

Keohane and Victor, 2011

10
Q

What are the three types of TCCG approaches?

A
  1. Public
  2. Hybrid
  3. Private and self-regulation
11
Q

What are the characteristics of public transnational governance?

A
  • Network of public actors
  • Information sharing
    • Municipal –> urban labs
  • Implementation and capacity building
  • Regulatory functions
    • Voluntary standard setting
    • Compliance achieved both as a result of recognition and through processes of peer pressure and competition
12
Q

What is the Cities for Climate Protection and what type of TNCCG arrangement is it?

A

Hoffman, 2011

Public

  • Coordinates actions of hundreds of municipalities that pledge to work toward climate change mitigation through a common plan
  • Network represents 15% of global carbon dioxide emissions
  • Created own arena through development of norms and rules for compliance within goals and targets of the network
13
Q

What actors are involved in hybrid transnational governance?

A
  • Public and private spheres
  • Public-private partnerships
  • Bottom up approach
14
Q

What is REEEP and what type of TNCCG arrangement is it?

A

Hybrid

  • Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership
  • Arrangement of governments, international organisations, civil society, acadmeics, private sector, NGOs
  • Mission to accelerate global market for sustainable energy by acting as an enabler for transofrming developing countries energy systems
    • Addressing developing ctounries are on a path to carbon intense development –> sysstemic climate issues of traditional development
  • Between 2002-2012: supported 154 clean energy projects in 57 countries
15
Q

What is SMART 2020 by the Climate Group and what type of TCCG arrangement is it?

A

Hybrid

  • Look to demonstrate role of ICT sector in mitigating climate change through:
    • Smart motor systems
    • Smart logistics
    • Smart buildings
    • Smart grids
  • Aim to drive efficiency across global economy of cities and deliver emissions savings fo 15% of global business-as-usual (BAU) emissions in 2020
16
Q

What is the Climate Community and Biodiversity Alliance and what type of TCCG arrangment is it?

A

Private

  • Includes corporations such as BP and Intel as well as other NGOS
  • Established a standard for land management projects that address climate change, social goals and biodiversity conservation
  • 80 projects given validation since release of standards in 2005
  • Also involved with implementation and capacity building through enabling action on elements of international climate policy, such as REDD+

Hoffman, 2011

17
Q

What is 2Degrees and what type of TCCG arrangment is it?

A

Private

  • Mission for sustainable business to happen at scale
  • 50,000 sustainable business professionals from 190 countries connecting, sharing and collaborating to achieve sustainability
  • Online community with big suppliers and stakeholders to reduce environmental impact
    • Used by Tesco, GSK and Kingfisher

Hoffman, 2011

18
Q

What is Edenbee and what type of TCCG arrangement is it?

A

Private

  • Web-based social network (a la Facebook) designed to encourage users to reduce carbon footprints
  • More on an individual basis but network creates possibility for scaled reduction of carbon footprints

Hoffman, 2011

19
Q

What are the critiques of TCCG?

A
  • Efficacy
  • Transparency
  • Accountability
  • Equity
  • Scale is still international and underlying ontology remains essentially top down and state centric (Jordan et al., 2015)
20
Q

For Foucault how does an apparatus emerge in a dispositif?

A

Apparatuses emerge in relation to a problem; their elements have no common dimension other than urgency to which to respond

Braun (2014)

21
Q

How do governments exist in a dispositif?

A
  • Government exists as a shifting and uneven diagram of power
  • Comes into being as an afterthought

Braun (2014)

22
Q

How does an exhibition in MOMA aim to address climate change?

A
  • Rising Current exhibition in MOMA makes no attempts to reduce emissions but seek to manage risks by resulting failure to do so – construction of landscapes designed to field extreme or unexpected events

Braun (2014)

23
Q

What is the merit of the dispositif?

A

Enables us to grasp various forms of government and the ad hoc nature of knowledges, practices and institutes stitched together into a heterogeneous totality

Braun (2014)

24
Q

What is the political task of the dispositif?

A
  • To shift mind-set of sustaining a political-economic system that generates the very problems it purports to solve
  • Shift to a politics of mitigation and adaption that is rooted in the lives and communities we live with the refusal of separation of being from action

​Braun (2014)