Minoans
- civilization on Crete
- building large-scale projects by end of 3rd millennium BCE
- 2nd millennium BCE: built great palaces that may have inspired the legend of the labyrinth
- economy of collection and redistribution, with detailed records kept
- first rulers of the sea; a thalassocracy
- spreading out may have been due to need for tin and copper (necessary ingredients for making bronze)
- lots of bull images in art
- assumed to be a peaceful people based on their frescoes of sea life and religious festivals
- may have worshipped a snake goddess
- religious symbols include horns and double axes
Sesklo and Dimini
- archaeological site in Thessaly
- Neolithic period
- one of the earliest known sites of human habitation in Greece
- can see development of architecture from wattle and daub houses to megaron (rectangular building with two rooms; function unknown)
- clay figurines of women; purpose unknown
- destroyed around 4400 BCE
Knossos
- earliest and largest Minoan palace complex
- may be inspiration for labyrinth story
Linear A
- early writing system of the Minoans
- probably used for record keeping
- we still can’t read it
- found all over the place, implying literacy was fairly widespread
Thera
- Santorini
- Minoan settlement at Akrotiri
- destroyed in volcanic eruption ca. 1628
- major port city
Linear B
- written language
- precursor of Greek
- syllabic
- mostly used for record-keeping
Tholos Tomb
- beehive-shaped burial structure
- Mycenaean
Heinrich Schliemann
- German archaeologist
- showed that Troy was a real place
- used clues in the Iliad to find its location
- dynamited through Homer’s Troy to get to an earlier one
Arthur Evans
- excavated the palace at Knossos
- hypothesized that Minoans were a peaceful, matriarchal society due to cheerful, “feminine” motifs in art and lack of defensive walls
Tomb of Agamemnon
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Grave Circles A and B
- 2 clusters of shaft graves at Mycenae
- abt. 1600-1500
- Circle B has more graves, but Circle A has richer graves
Mycenaeans
- ca. 1600-1400
- first speakers of Greek
Megaraon
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wanax
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Basileus
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Mycenae
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Cyclopean Walls
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Grave Circle A
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Lion Gate
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Dorian Invasion
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Homer
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formulae
- phrases repeated in epic poetry
- use them to stall if you forget the next line
- built to scan in such a way that you can use them to fill out a gap in a line
Hesiod
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Milman Parry
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Dark Ages
1150-900
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boule
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demos
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agon
-the struggle for excellence
agathos/kakos
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arete
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time
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ekklesia
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polis
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chora
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astu
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agora
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acropolis
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archons
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hoplite
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deme
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phratry
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Archaic Age
800-480
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oikos
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oikist
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Magna Graecia
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Phoenicians
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Pithecussae
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Al Mina
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emporion
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Orientalizing Period
8th-7th c. BCE
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stasis
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Areopagus
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Kylon (632)
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Alkmaeonids
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Drakon (621/0)
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Solon (594/3)
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Hektemoroi
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Seisachtheia
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Pentakosiomedimnoi
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Hippeis
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Zeugitae
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Thetes
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Peisistratos
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Lycurgus
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Megacles
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Hippias and Hipparchos
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Harmodius and Aristogeiton
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Cleisthenes (508/7)
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Ostracism/Ostraka
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(Kyria) Ekklesia
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stele/stelae
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rhetors
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prytany
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prytaneion
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strategos
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archon (basileus, eponymous)
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choregos
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polemarch
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metic
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dokimasia
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thesmothetai
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Marathon
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Thermopylae
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Salamis
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Plataea
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Cyrus the Great
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Darius I
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Xerxes
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satrap(y)
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proskynesis
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Aristagoras
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Ionian Revolt
499
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Sardis
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Miltiades
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Marathonomachoi
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medizing
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Themistocles
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Laureion
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Hellenic League
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eleutheria
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politeia
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gene
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Pericles’ citizenship law
451
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scrutiny
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liturgy
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trierarchy
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xenia
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proxenos
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prostates
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metoikion
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xenelasia
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Great Rhetra
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eunomia
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Laconia
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Tyrtaeus
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Messenia
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helots
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perioikoi
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Messenian Wars
736-620
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kleros/kleroi
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Homoioi/Spartiates
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neodamodeis
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syssitia
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agoge
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Plataea
479
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Thucydides
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trireme
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Delian League
478/7
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Kimon
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Ephialtes (the Athenian)
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Pericles
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Peace of Callias
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Eurymedon
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phoros
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Hellenotamiai
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Ephialtes
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Athenian Tribute Lists
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Coinage (Standards) Decree
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Pentakontaetia
479-431
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First Peloponnesian War
460-446
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Periclean Building Program
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Parthenon
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Propylaia
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Erechtheion
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Hephaisteion
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entasis
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metope
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frieze
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triglyph
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pediment
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Peloponnesian War
431-404 BCE
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Potidaea
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Corcyra
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Epidamnus
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Megarian Decree
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Archidamean War
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Kleon
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Brasidas
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Pylos and Sphacteria
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Peace of Nicias
421
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Sicilian Expedition
415-413
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Alcibiades
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Nicias
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Lamachus
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Segesta
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herms/hermakopids
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Gylippus
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Tissaphernes
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Aigespotami
404
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The Four Hundred
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