Topic 3 States of matter, separating and purifying Flashcards

1
Q

1 What are the three states of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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2
Q

2 In which state are the particles arranged regularly?

A

solid

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3
Q

3 In which state do particles move quickly in all directions?

A

gas

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4
Q

4 What state change happens when a substance melts?

A

solid to liquid

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5
Q

5 What state change happens when a substance condenses?

A

gas to liquid

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6
Q

6 In general, which state of matter has particles with the highest energy?

A

gas

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7
Q

7 What is the melting point of water in °C?

A

0

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8
Q

8 What is the boiling point of water in °C?

A

100

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9
Q

10 The melting point of sodium is 97.7 °C. What is the state of sodium at 25.0 °C?

A

solid

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10
Q

21 What is a mixture?

A

different elements and/or compounds that are not chemically joined together

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11
Q

22 Which is a mixture, air or water or both?

A

air

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12
Q

23 Which of a mixture or a pure substance has a fixed composition?

A

pure substance

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13
Q

27 Is a material that melts over a range of temperatures likely to be a mixture or a pure substance?

A

mixture

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14
Q

28 Give one safety precaution to take when heating substances.

A

any suitable, tie hair back, tuck tie in, wear safety goggles

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15
Q

29 What do we call the change of state from a liquid to a gas?

A

evaporation

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16
Q

30 Name a mixture that could be separated by filtration?

A

any suitable e.g. sand and water

17
Q

36 How can you get salt from salty water?

A

evaporate the water; crystallisation

18
Q

37 What is the scientific name for a mixture like salty water?

A

solution

19
Q

38 What is the term used for the liquid in a solution?

A

solvent

20
Q

39 What is the term for the substance that has dissolved in the solution?

A

solute

21
Q

40 How can you identify a pure substance on a chromatogram?

A

only one spot/colour

22
Q

45 How can we separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

A

filtration

23
Q

46 What word describes the clear liquid that comes through the filter paper?

A

filtrate

24
Q

48 What process takes place when a liquid turns into a gas?

A

evaporation

25
Q

49 What process takes place when a gas turns into a liquid?

A

condensation

26
Q

53 Which of these is soluble in water - sand or salt?

A

salt

27
Q

54 What separation method is used to remove insoluble solids from a liquid?

A

filtration

28
Q

56 What separation method could you use to separate water from ink?

A

distillation/simple distillation

29
Q

57 Name the two state changes involved in distillation.

A

boiling/evaporating, condensing

30
Q

59 What gas with a sharp smell is used to kill bacteria in swimming pool water?

A

chlorine

31
Q

60 Why does seawater taste salty?

A

it contains dissolved salt