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Anatomy and physiology I lecture > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Which tissue:

-forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters (skin surface)

A

Epithelial

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2
Q

Which tissue: supports, protects, binds other tissues together (bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding tissue)

A

Connective

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3
Q

Which tissue: contracts to cause movement? (muscles attached to bones, muscles of heart, muscle of walls of hollow organs

A

Muscle

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4
Q

Name the types of muscle

A

Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

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5
Q

Which tissue: is responsible for internal communication

A

Nervous (brain, spinal cord, nerves)

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6
Q

Which tissue matches these characteristics:

The cells have polarity: apical, lateral, and basal surfaces

A

Epithelial

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7
Q

Define Apical surface

A

Upper and free (surfaces may bear microvilli (the border of intestinal lining) or cilia (lining of trachea))

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8
Q

Define Basal

A

Lower and attached

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9
Q

Does epithelial tissue contain blood vessels?

A

No

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10
Q

Does epithelial tissue have a nervous system?

A

No

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11
Q

Is epithelial tissue supported by connective tissue reticular lamina?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does epithelial tissue cover the surfaces of the body(external and internal)?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Does epithelial tissue have a high rate of regeneration?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Is epithelial tissue avascular (lacks a circulatory system)?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Which tissue has a high rate of regeneration?

A

Epithelial tissue

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16
Q

Are epithelial tissue cells tightly packed?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Name the cell junctions:

A

Tight junctions, adherence junctions, gap junction, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

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18
Q

Which junction: zip lock seals intestines?

A

Tight junction

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19
Q

Which junction: velcro seals and holds cells together?

A

Adherence junctions

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20
Q

Which junction: tunnels for large molecules?

A

Gap junction

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21
Q

Which junction: has dots of velcro?

A

Desmosomes

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22
Q

Which junction: has dots of velcro?

A

Desmosomes (when the womb needs to expand)

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23
Q

Which junction: velcro’s to basement membrane?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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24
Q

Which junction: keeps substances from passing between cells?

A

Tight

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25
Q

Which junction: allow small molecules and ions to pass through adjacent cells?

A

Gap

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26
Q

Which junction: has mechanical protein links which bind cells together in tissues subject to considerable stretching?

A

Desmosomes

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27
Q

Which junction: has mechanical protein links which bind cells to the basement membrane in most tissue?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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28
Q

How many layers does simple epithelial tissue have?

A

One

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29
Q

Stratified epithelial tissue has _____ layers

A

More than one

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30
Q

Shapes of epithelial cells:

A

Squamous, columnar, cuboidal

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31
Q

Location of simple squamous shaped cells?

A

Lung alveoli
blood/lymphatic vessels
heart
serous membranes in ventral body cavity

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32
Q

Function of simple squamous shaped epithelial cells?

A

Allows diffusion and filtration of material

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33
Q

Location of simple cuboidal shaped cells?

A 
Tubules of kidneys
pancreas
thyroid
small glands
ovary
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34
Q

Function of simple cuboidal shaped cells?

A

Secretion and absorption

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35
Q

-insert image of simple squamous cell-

A

Simple squamous

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36
Q

-insert image of simple cuboidal shaped cell-

A

Simple cuboidal

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37
Q

Location of simple columnar shaped cell?

A 
Most of the digestive tract
gall bladder
ducts of some glands
small bronchi
some parts of uterus
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38
Q

Function of simple columnar?

A

Absorption
secretion (enzymes, mucus)
propels

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39
Q

Location of stratified squamous epithelial cells?

A 
non keratinized type:
-skin
-mouth
esophagus 
vagina
keratinized type:
epidermis of skin
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40
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelial cells?

A

Protections against mechanical stress and abrasion

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41
Q

-insert image of stratified squamous epithelial cell-

A

Strat. sq. ep

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42
Q

-insert image of stratified squamous epithelial cell-

A

Stratified squamous epithelial

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43
Q

Location of Pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells

A

trachea/most of the upper respiratory tract

sperm carrying ducts (non ciliated)

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44
Q

Function of pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells

A

secretion of mucus

propulsion of mucus through cilia

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45
Q

-insert image of pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells-

A

pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells

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46
Q

Transitional epithelial cell location:

A

Urinary bladder
ureters
urethra

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47
Q

Function of transition epithelial cell:

A

Stretches readily and permits distention

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48
Q

What is a gland?

A

A gland is one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous

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49
Q

How is glandular epithelia classified?

A

By the site of PRODUCT RELEASE, ENDOCRINE OR EXOCRINE

and by the relative number of cells forming the gland-unicellular or multicellular

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50
Q

Types of glandular epithelia:

A

Endocrine glands
exocrine glands
unicellular exocrine glands
multicellular excocrine gland

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51
Q

Which gland is: more numerous than endocrine glands,

A

exocrine

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52
Q

Name a unicellular exocrine gland

A

Goblet cell(resp. tract)

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53
Q

Describe multicellular exocrine glands

A

-composed of a duct and a secretory unit and classified according to duct type or structure

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54
Q

Name the two modes of exocrine secretions:

A

Merocrine and holocrine

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55
Q

Does merocrine secrete exostosis?

A

Yes

56
Q

“Products are secreted by rupture of gland cells” Merocrine or holocrine?

A

Holocrine

57
Q

“Products are secreted by exocytosis” Merocrine or holocrine?

A

Merocrine

58
Q 
Which tissue has: Loose (areolar) connective tissue
Loose (reticular) tissue
adipose 
dense (regular and irregular)
cartilage (hyaline, fibro, elastic)
bone
blood?
A

Connective tissue

59
Q

Which junction has weak glycoprotein bonds which assist tight junctions in binding epithelial cells together?

A

Adherence junctions

60
Q

Which type of glandular epithelia: secrete products into ducts?

A

Exocrine

61
Q

Which type of glandular epithelia: “secretions released onto body surfaces or into body cavities?

A

Exocrine

62
Q

Mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands are examples of ________ glands

A

Exocrine

63
Q

Connective tissue, found in tendons, __________

A

binds tissues together

64
Q

Connective tissue, found in the dermis of skin and membranes, __________ other tissues

A

Supports and strengthens

65
Q

Connective tissue, found in the skeleton, gives ______ to vital organs

A

protection

66
Q

Connective tissue, found in the blood, is responsible for _______

A

Transport

67
Q

Connective tissue, found in FAT, is responsible for ______ and ______ storage

A

insulation and energy

68
Q

Mature cells found in connective tissue have the suffix:

A

cysts

69
Q

Mitotically active and secretory cells have the suffix:

A

blasts

70
Q

Which two types of cells are in cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

71
Q

Osteoblasts and osteocytes are found in _______ (think osteoporosis)

A

Bone

72
Q

Mesenchyme is another type of ________

A

Connective tissue

73
Q

_______ gives rise to all other connective tissues

A

Mesenchyme

74
Q

This type of connective tissue is a gel-like ground substance with fibers and star shaped mesenchymal cells

A

Mesenchyme

75
Q

Name the three protein fibers of the Matrix

A

Collagen, Reticular, and elastic fibers

76
Q

The most common protein in the body is ______-

A

Collagen

77
Q

_______ consists of three wound bands of polypeptides similar to “rope”

A

Collagen

78
Q

Which protein fiber is very strong and flexible, but cannot stretch?

A

Collagen

79
Q

Which protein fiber is the strongest?

A

Collagen

80
Q

Which protein fiber has very fine collagen fibers?

A

Reticular

81
Q

Which protein fiber is considered “not as significant”?

A

Reticular

82
Q

Which protein fiber fills the gaps between other connective tissue?

A

Reticular

83
Q

This protein fiber is shaped like “springs” at the molecular level

A

Elastic fibers

84
Q

Which protein fiber is capable of distention and compression?

A

Elastic

85
Q

Which connective tissue consists of elastic and collagen fibers?

A

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

86
Q

This connective tissue has reticular fibers that support other cells, and is found in lymphoid organs

A

Loose (reticular) connective tissue

87
Q

This dense connective tissue is found in tendons

A

Dense collagenous

88
Q

This dense connective tissue is found in blood vessel walls

A

Dense elastic tissue

89
Q

Is dense collagenous tissue regular or irregular?

A

both

90
Q

Is dense elastic tissue regular or irregular?

A

Regular

91
Q

Which connective tissue has SOME reticular fibers, has adipocytes which store fat, and are widely distributed in the body?

A

Adipose tissue

92
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue is:

A

Irregularly arranged collagen fibers

93
Q

This connective tissue has SOME elastic fibers, and has a high proportion of fibroblasts?

A

Dense irregular

94
Q

The function of dense irregular connective tissue is the ability to withstand ________ in many different directions

A

Tension

95
Q

Which connective tissue provides structural strength?

A

Dense irregular

96
Q

Which connective tissue is located in the dermis of the skin, in fibrous capsules of organs and joints, and in the submucosa of the digestive tract?

A

Dense irregular

97
Q

Which connective tissue has a network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance?

A

Loose Reticular

98
Q

Loose reticular connective tissue is located in the ______ organs

A

Lymphoid

99
Q

True or false, dense collagenous tissue is found in the skeleton?

A

False, it is found in tendons, ligaments, and dermis of the skin

100
Q

True or false, dense collagenous tissue has a high proportion of collagen fibers

A

True

101
Q

True or false, dense collagenous tissue can withstand great stress in ONE direction?

A

True

102
Q

True or false, dense elastic tissue has fibroblasts that secrete collagen, and ALL FIBERS ARE PARALLEL

A

True

103
Q

True or false, dense elastic tissue is found in the vocal cords, blood vessel walls, and the stomach

A

False, not found in the stomach

104
Q

True or false, dense elastic tissue allows the recoil of tissue following stretching

A

True

105
Q

Cartilage is composed of cells called ______

A

Chondrocytes

106
Q

Chondrocytes secrete dense, evenly dispersed ______ fibers

A

collagen

107
Q

________ sit in spaces called ________

A

chondrocytes, lacunae

108
Q

Cartilage provides ______, _______, and ________

A

Flexibility, strength, support

109
Q

The three types of ________, ________, and _______

A

Hyalin, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

110
Q

Which type of cartilage is the most abundant?

A

Hyalin

111
Q

Which cartilage is found on the ends of long bones(joints), trachea, land larynx?

A

Hyalin

112
Q

Which cartilage can withstand compression forces?

A

Hyalin

113
Q

Which cartilage provides support and cushioning properties?

A

Hyalin

114
Q

Which cartilage has more elastic fibers in the matrix?

A

Elastic cartilage

115
Q

Which cartilage is the ear and epiglottis?

A

Elastic

116
Q

Which cartilage can recoil when bent?

A

Elastic

117
Q

Which cartilage maintains shape and flexibility?

A

Elastic

118
Q

Which cartilage has thick, visible collagen fibers?

A

Fibrocartilage

119
Q

Which cartilage is found in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and the meniscus in the knee?

A

Fibrocartilage

120
Q

Which cartilage can withstand tearing forces and absorb compressive shock?

A

Fibrocartilage

121
Q

Bone is hard, ___________, with a lot of collagen fibers

A

calcified matrix

122
Q

Do osteocytes lie in lacunae?

A

Yes

123
Q

This connective tissue is responsible for support/protection, and stores calcium, minerals, and fat

A

Bone

124
Q

This connective tissue contains blood cell information

A

Bone

125
Q

This connective tissue is composed of ____ and ____ cells in plasma

A

Blood, red and white

126
Q

Blood, a connective tissue, is responsible for the transport of ________ gases, ______, _______, and other substances

A

Respiratory, nutrients, wastes,

127
Q

Blood, a connective tissue, is found within _______

A

blood vessels

128
Q

_______ are branching cells

A

Neurons

129
Q

This tissue is responsible for transmitting electric signals from sensory receptors, and transmitting electrical signals to effectors

A

Nervous tissue

130
Q

Nervous tissue is located in the _____, ______, and _____.

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

131
Q

Name this type of muscle tissue: “Striated, long cells, multinucleate”

A

Skeletal

132
Q

Name this type of muscle tissue: “striated, intercalated disks, single nucleolus in each cell”

A

Cardiac

133
Q

Name this type of muscle tissue: “NO striations, involuntary”

A

Smooth

134
Q

Serous membranes are a type of __________

A

epithelial tissue

135
Q

Parietal sores lines the ________

A

internal body walls

136
Q

Visceral sores cover __________

A

internal organs

Anatomy and physiology I lecture (14 decks)

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