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Flashcards in Things I wanna learn Deck (8)
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1
Q

CAUSES OF BRADYCARDIA

A
  • Bradycardia = Decreased cardiac output, even stroke volume may decrease due to longer diastolic filling times
  • Drugs: alfa2 agonist, opioid agonist, overdose of any anesthetics
  • Increased vagal tone: ETT, abdominal nociception, traction of ocular muscles, high blood pressure
  • Metabolic: hypothermia, end-stage hypoxemia, hyperkalaemia
  • Heart disease
2
Q

CAUSES OF TACHYCARDIA

A
  • Tachycardia = can diminish cardiac output due to shorten diastolic filling time and reduce stroke volume
  • Light level of anesthesia: nociceptive response during surgery
  • Drugs: ketamine, parasympatholytics, sympathomimetics
  • Metabolic: hypovolemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia, hyperthermia, postoperative pain
  • Endocrine disorders: pheochromocytoma, hyperthyreoidosis
  • Heart disease
3
Q

Normotension in horses: systolic

A

Systolic: 90 – 130 Hgmm

4
Q

Normotension in horses: diastolic

A

Diastolic: 60 – 90 Hgmm

5
Q

Normotension in horses: mean

A

Mean: 70 – 110 Hgmm

6
Q

HYPOTENSION IN HORSES:

A
•	Systolic pressure under 80 Hgmm and/or
•	Mean pressure under 60 Hgmm
•	Causes:	
o	Hypovolemia 
o	decreased cardiac output 
o	Vasodilatation 
•	Consequences 
o	Compromised cerebral and coronary perfusion
7
Q

HYPERTENSION IN HORSES (ACUTE)

A

• Systolic pressure above 180 Hgmm and/or
• Mean pressure above 140 Hgmm
• Causes:
o Vasoconstriction
• Consequences (acute):
o Edema and bleeding in organs (brain, lungs)

8
Q

Multimodal therapy:

A
Alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist 
NSAIDs
SAIDs
NMDA receptor antagonists
Opioids 
Local anesthetics 
Other medicines 
Other techniques