Thermal Physics

Question 1

What is absolute zero?

Answer 1

Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy.

Question 2

Absolute zero is the ______ possible ______ of a system, where ______ ______ remains and the particles in the system have no ______ ______.

Answer 2

Absolute zero is the (lowest) possible (temperature) of a system, where (no heat) remains and the particles in the system have no (kinetic energy).

Question 3

What is the Avogadro Constant, Na?

Answer 3

Avogadro Constant is the number of particles that make up one mole of any gas.

Question 4

Avogadro constant is the ______ of ______ that make up ______ ______ of any ______.

Answer 4

Avogadro Constant is the (number) of (particles) that make up (one mole) of any (gas).

Question 5

What is the Boltzmann Constant?

Answer 5

Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the (a)verage (k)inetic (e)nergy of the particles in a gas, to the gas’ (t)emperature.

(Bob Can’t Always Kill Eels Though)

Question 6

Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the average ______ _____ of the ______ in a gas, to the gas’ ______.

Answer 6

Boltzmann Constant is a constant relating the average (kinetic energy) of the (particles) in a gas, to the gas’ (temperature).

(Bob Can’t Always Kill Eels, Though)

Question 7

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 7

Boyle’s Law: the pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature.

(Bob Likes Pepsi In Vodka at a constant temperature)

Question 8

Boyle’s Law: the ______ of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ when held at ______ ______.

Answer 8

Boyle’s Law: the (pressure) of an ideal gas is (inversely) proportional to its (volume) when held at (constant temperature).

(Bob Likes Pepsi in Vodka at a constant temperature)

Question 9

What is Brownian Motion?

Answer 9

Brownian Motion is the random motion of particles.

Question 10

Brownian Motion is the ______ ______ of _______.

Answer 10

Brownian Motion is the (random motion) of (particles).

Question 11

What is Charles’ Law?

Answer 11

Charles’ Law: the (v)olume of an ideal gas is (d)irectly proportional to its (a)bsolute (t)emperature when held at constant pressure.

(Charles Loosens Valves Draining A T constant pressure)

Question 12

Charles’ Law: the ______ of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ _______ when held at constant pressure.

Answer 12

Charles’ Law: the (volume) of an ideal gas is (directly) proportional to its (absolute temperature) when held at constant pressure.

Question 13

What is an ideal gas?

Answer 13

An ideal gas is a gas that meets the ideal gas assumptions.

All the gas laws are based on ideal gases.

Question 14

What is internal energy?

Answer 14

Internal energy is the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.

Question 15

What is the Kelvin Scale?

Answer 15

The Kelvin Scale is an absolute temperature scale that starts at absolute zero (0K = -273°C).

Question 16

What is the Pressure Law?

Answer 16

Pressure Law: ​The (p)ressure of an ideal gas is (d)irectly proportional to its (a)bsolute (t)emperature, when the volume is fixed.

(Peter Listens Panic Disco AT fixed volume)

Question 17

Pressure Law: ​The pressure of an ideal gas is ______ proportional to its ______ ______, when the _______ is _______.

Answer 17

Pressure Law: ​The pressure of an ideal gas is (directly) proportional to its (absolute temperature), when the (volume) is (fixed).

(Peter Listens Panic Disco AT fixed volume)

Question 18

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

Answer 18

Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.

Question 19

Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of ______ required to increase the ______ of ______ of a substance by ______ ______.

Answer 19

Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of (energy) required to increase the (temperature) of (1kg) of a substance by (1 Kelvin).

Question 20

What is Specific Latent Heat?

Answer 20

Specific Latent Heat is the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change of temperature.

Question 21

Specific Latent Heat is the amount of ______ required to change the ______ of ______ of a substance without a change of _______.

Answer 21

Specific Latent Heat is the amount of (energy) required to change the (state) of (1kg) of a substance without a change of (temperature).

Question 22

What happens when a substance changes state?

Answer 22

​During a state change, the potential energy of the system is changing but the kinetic energy is not.

Question 23

What is the equation for work done in terms of pressure and volume?

Answer 23

Work done = pΔV

(Walruses Dance Particularly Vulgarly)

not given in exam

Question 24

Learn how to derive the pressure of an ideal gas

Answer 24

Learn how to derive the pressure of an ideal gas

Question 25

What is the equation relating work done, pressure and volume?

Answer 25

work done = pΔV

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Question 26

The gas laws are _____, kinetic theory is _____.

Answer 26

The gas laws are (empirical), kinetic theory is (theoretical).

Question 27

What are empirical laws?

Answer 27

Empirical laws are based on observations and evidence.

They predict what will happen but don’t explain why.

Question 28

What are the assumptions we have to make to derive the pressure of an ideal gas?

Answer 28

Assumptions:

Random motion

Attraction - none between the particles

Volume - particles have negligible volume

Elastic collisions - kinetic energy is conserved

Duration of collisions is very short compared to time between them

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