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General Psychology > Therapy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Therapy Deck (38)
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1
Q

eclectic approach

A

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

2
Q

meta-analysis

A

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.

2
Q

systematic desensitization

A

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

3
Q

active listening

A

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.

3
Q

exposure therapies

A

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.

3
Q

psychoanalysis

A

(1) Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; (2) Freud’s therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed that the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist’s interpretations of them-released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

3
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.

4
Q

counterconditioning

A

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

4
Q

interpretation

A

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

5
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

6
Q

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.

8
Q

aversive conditioning

A

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

8
Q

evidence-based practice

A

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.

9
Q

insight therapies

A

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

9
Q

lobotomy

A

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

9
Q

psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

11
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.

13
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

14
Q

token economy

A

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.

15
Q

resilience

A

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.

16
Q

regression toward the mean

A

the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.

17
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

19
Q

antianxiety drugs

A

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.

21
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).

22
Q

transference

A

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

24
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.

25
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

27
Q

antidepressant drugs

A

drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters.

28
Q

resistance

A

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

29
Q

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.

30
Q

client-centered therapy

A

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

31
Q

family therapy

A

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.

32
Q

behavior therapy

A

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

33
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

35
Q

cognitive therapy

A

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

36
Q

hypothalamus

A

a neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

37
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem.

38
Q

group therapy

A

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction.