theory: individual psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Individual Psychology

A

Adlerian psychology

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2
Q

Alfred Adler

A

A Viennese psychologist (1870–1937) who developed the theory of individual psychology (also known as Adlerian psychology). Adler was the first major figure to break away from Freudian psychoanalysis because he disagreed with Freud over the importance of sexuality in motivating human behavior

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3
Q

Four key Adlerian concepts:

A
  • inferiority complex,
  • birth order,
  • lifestyle,
  • fictions
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4
Q

inferiority complex

A

In individual psychology, the characteristic of an individual unable to move beyond feelings of inferiority. Interferes with an individual’s ability to live a healthy, socially interested, and goal-directed life. Can lead to overcompensation, which results in a superiority complex.

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5
Q

superiority complex

A

In some individuals, overcompensation for feelings of inferiority

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6
Q

birth order

A

Also referred to as sibling position; the position children occupy in their families of origin. Alfred Adler believed that where individuals fall chronologically in their family influences their personalities. He proposed five ordinal positions: firstborns, second children, middle children, youngest children, and only children

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7
Q

lifestyle analysis

A

An Adlerian technique that is used to interview clients about early-life memories (prior to the age of 10 years), perceptions of their relationships with their parents and siblings, family dynamics, experiences in school and society, and beliefs about themselves.

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8
Q

phenomenological philosophy

A

The notion that a person’s perceptions of an event are more important than the event itself.

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9
Q

fictions:

A

beliefs about oneself and others that are false.

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10
Q

Seven Adlerian techniques:

A
  • lifestyle analysis
  • encouragement
  • acting as if
  • asking the question
  • spitting in the client’s soup
  • catching oneself
  • pushbutton technique
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11
Q

lifestyle analysis

A

An Adlerian technique that is used to interview clients about early-life memories (prior to the age of 10 years), perceptions of their relationships with their parents and siblings, family dynamics, experiences in school and society, and beliefs about themselves

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12
Q

encouragement

A

An Adlerian technique whereby the counselor conveys to clients his or her belief and conviction that the client can make important lifestyle changes.

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13
Q

acting as if

A

An Adlerian counseling technique that encourages clients to act “as if” they are the person they hope to be someday. This technique helps clients realize that they are capable of changing and being the person they want to be.

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14
Q

asking the question

A

The question, often asked of clients in Adlerian psychology, “How would your life be different if you were well?” Many variations of this question are used, the primary goals being to help clients think about the possibility of no longer having their problem and to show clients that they have the ability to change their lives. This question also helps counselors gain a clearer picture of what the client would like to change and whether the problem is physiological or psychological.

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15
Q

spitting in the client’s soup

A

An Adlerian counseling technique used to point out certain client behaviors so that the behavior no longer seems as desirable to the client

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16
Q

catching oneself

A

An Adlerian counseling technique that encourages clients to catch themselves when they are engaging in the behaviors that are perpetuating their presenting problem.

17
Q

pushbutton technique

A

An Adlerian counseling technique used to teach clients that they play a role in maintaining their problems. Specifically, clients are encouraged to focus on their positive feelings and push the positive pushbutton rather than the negative pushbutton