Flashcards in theories Deck (16)
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1
Q
what is Malcolm peyty theory
A
- the Bradford study
- upper class= only 12% dropped the ‘h’
- lower class= 93% dropped the ‘h’
2
Q
what is peter trudgills theory
A
- Norwich study
- focused on final ending ‘ing’
- class is a determiner of non-standard usage than gender
- men over-reported their non standard
- women are more suscpetil to overt pretige
3
Q
what is basil Bernstein theory
A
- there are 2 types of language
- restricted code= used by all, working class most. Short, declarative
- elaborated code= upper and middle class, more complex and grammatically complete
4
Q
what is jenny Cheshires theory
A
- men and women use language differently
- men ‘h’ drop at the beginning of words e.g “ouse”
- men use “aint” more than women
5
Q
what is robin lakoffs theory
A
- conversations are governed by politeness
1. don’t impose
2. give options
3. make the receiver feel good
6
Q
what is howard giles theory
A
- accommodation theory
- speakers seek approval in social situations and are likely to change their speech
- if they don’t want to be associated with the listener, they change their speech, using divergence
7
Q
what is labov’s theory
A
- marth’a vineyard
- small groups of fisherman began to exaggerate
8
Q
what is james orr vs david crystal theory
A
- is cockney dying out?
- james orr said cockney is dying out
- david crystal said the nations obsession with celebs is respibsible for the cockney slang
9
Q
what is kerswill theory
A
- potential cause of dialect levelling is the reduction of rural employment
- social mobility has increased leading to the breakdown of close knit communities
10
Q
what is paul folks and Docherty theory
A
- focused on the replacement of ‘th’ with ‘f’ or ‘v’
- in London, the use likely to dialect levelling
11
Q
what is the BBC theory
A
- there is a close link between prestige and pleasentness
- Edinburgh= high on both accounts
- Liverpool= unpleasant and lacked social prestige
- London= helpful but not nice to listen to
- queens English= favourite for prestige
12
Q
what is howard giles theory
A
- ‘matched guise’ approach
- participants listened to the same speaker in a range of accents and judged
- RP was rated highest in intelligence
- RP was the most confident
- irish was honest and relibale
13
Q
what is neulip and steten- Hansen theory
A
- used the ‘matched guise’ approach to research to ethnocentric view
- link between ethnocentrism and perception of non-native accents
- ranked speakers on attractiveness
14
Q
what is Seligman and lambert theory
A
- teachers perceptions of studients were fifluenced by their speech
- teachers make judgements on students abilities and personality
15
Q
what is peter trudgills theory about social background
A
- language reflects class
- pronunciation of velar nasal ‘nl’ e.g ‘running’
- ‘runnin’ occurred more in working class
16
Q
what is Lesley Milroy’s theory
A
investigated causal speech in 3 Belfast communities
- low male unemployment
- substational male unemployment
- substantial male unemployment (catholic)
- found the stronger the network, the greater the velarnacular