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Flashcards in The War 1861-65 Deck (192)
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0
Q

What would the 4 non-seceding slave States have added to Confed industrial capacity

A

80%

1
Q

Comparative populations 1861

A

22 million in North, 9 million in South (5.5 million white)

2
Q

Fraction of all West Point Graduates that were from the North 1820-60

A

2/3

3
Q

Comparative factory numbers in 1860

A

North had 6 times

4
Q

Comparative productive capacity 1860

A

North had 10x

5
Q

Comparative miles of railway track 1860

A

North had double

6
Q

Comparative production of wheats and oats

A

North produced 80% of total

7
Q

Month of Baltimore Confrontation

A

April 1861

8
Q

Fatalities at Baltimore 1861

A

4 soldiers and 12 civilians

9
Q

Who won June elections in Maryland

A

Unionists

10
Q

% of Delaware’s population that was slave

A

2%

11
Q

Kentucky’s initial stance on secession

A

Neutrality

12
Q

Confederate invasion of Kentucky, date and site

A

September 1861, took Colombus

13
Q

1861, suggestion of Missouri joining Confed

A

Pro-Confed governor called for 50,000 volunteers to defend the state against the Union

14
Q

Key Unionist figures in Missouri (2)

A

Congressmen Francis Blair and Nathaniel Lyon

15
Q

Comparative naval ships tonnage, ratio

A

Union 25:1 Confed

16
Q

Comparative fire arms production, 1861, ratio

A

Union 32:1 Confed

17
Q

Comparative cotton production, 1861, ratio

A

Union 1:24 Confed

18
Q

Size of Confederacy

A

750,000 square miles

19
Q

Confed advantages heading into the war (5)

A
Size
Defending
Slavery
Cotton
Maryland, Missouri and Kentucky
20
Q

Size of Union army in 1861

A

16,000 scattered in West

21
Q

Size of Union war department 1861

A

90 men

22
Q

April 1861, number of volunteers requested by Lincoln

A

75,000 for 3 months

23
Q

July 1861, Lincoln’s call for further troops, number

A

500,000 for 3 years

24
Q

Who had better state militias

A

South

25
Q

Number of officers leaving army for Confederacy

A

300

26
Q

Feb 1861, number of volunteers requested by Davis

A

100,000 for a year

27
Q

May 1861, Davis’ further call for troops

A

400,000 for 3 year

28
Q

April 1861, number of Muskets in South

A

160,000

29
Q

Northern introduction of militia law, month

A

July 1862

30
Q

Date of conscription for N and S

A

N March 1863

S March 1862

31
Q

Proportion of total men fighting who were conscripts

A

1/10

32
Q

Total size of Confed army up to 1865

A

900,000

33
Q

Total size of Union army up to 1865

A

2.1 million

34
Q

Name of old-fashioned musket

A

Smoothbore musket

35
Q

Range of smoothbore musket

A

100 yards

36
Q

Range of new rifles from 1861

A

600 yards

37
Q

Year when both sides had rifle-muskets

A

1863

38
Q

Name of Ordnance Chief for Union 1861-62

A

Chief Ripley

39
Q

Change in tactics with new guns, from what to what

A

Mass formation to trenches

40
Q

Number of bullets fired in a week in May 1864 in North Virginia

A

19 million

41
Q

Comparative size of Calvary (% of total troops)

A

20% Confed , 15% Union

42
Q

Key Confed cavalry commanders

A

Jeb Stuart and Nathan Bedford Forrest

43
Q

Different infrastructures for the two cavalries

A

Union, some in each unit

Confed, kept as a single unit

44
Q

Geographical features that benefited Confed (2)

A

Appalachian Mountains

Shenandoah valley

45
Q

April 1861, Union navy ships and men

A

90 ships but not all ready, 8800 men

46
Q

Number of Union ships by Dec 1861

A

260 on duty, 100 more under construction

47
Q

Reasons for Confed naval inferiority (2)

A

No shipbuilding capacity

No previous navy

48
Q

Union Navy Secretary, name

A

Gideon Welles

49
Q

Name of Scott’s blockade plan

A

Anaconda plan

50
Q

Miles of Southern coastline

A

3500

51
Q

Capture of New Orleans, month

A

April 1862

52
Q

Significance of New Orleans to Confed

A

Key exporter at mouth of Mississippi

Largest town

53
Q

Confed Navy Secretary, name

A

Stephen Mallory

54
Q

Name of Confed ironclad

A

Merrimack but became Virginia

55
Q

Union control of Mississippi by August 1862

A

All except 150 mile stretch between Vicksburg and port Hudson

56
Q

Nickname for Confed and Union soldiers

A

Johnny Reb

Billy Yank

57
Q

% of Union troops born overseas

A

20

58
Q

% of Union troops that were African American by 1865

A

10

59
Q

% of Confed soldiers that were native born

A

95

60
Q

Average age of soldiers in war

A

25

61
Q

% of men between 18 and 30

A

80%

62
Q

Colour of Union uniforms

A

Blue

63
Q

Colours of Confed army

A

Grey or butternut

64
Q

Breakdown of deaths

A

360,000 total deaths, 67,000 killed in action, 43,000 died of wounds and 224,000 died of disease

65
Q

Name of Confed Hospital established

A

Chimborazo Hospital

66
Q

Capacity of Chimborazo Hospital

A

8,000

67
Q

Number of women working as nurses in the war

A

3,200

68
Q

Name of of most reputable female nurse

A

Clara Barton

69
Q

Comparative desertion rates

A

1 in 7 Confed, 1 in 10 Union

70
Q

Year of suspension of prisoner exchange

A

1863

71
Q

Reasons for suspension of Union suspension of prisoner exchange (2)

A

Violations of agreements

South gained more from exchange than North

72
Q

Name of notorious Confederate prison camp

A

Andersonville

73
Q

Number of inmates in Andersonville

A

50,000

74
Q

Number of Union soldiers imprisoned, of which died

A

195,000 of which 30,000 died

75
Q

Number of Confed prisoners taken, of which died

A

215,000 and 26,000 died

76
Q

Proportion of soldiers that died as a whole

A

1 in 5

77
Q

Key confederate general to emerge from 1st Manassas

A

Thomas Stonewall Jackson

78
Q

Why was winning 1st Manassas bad for Confed (2)

A

Over confident and complacent

Spurred on Union troops

79
Q

Who replaced McDowell after 1st Manassas

A

General George McClellan

80
Q

McClellan’s nickname

A

Little Mac

81
Q

Political affiliation of McClellan

A

Democrat

82
Q

Main complaint about McClellan

A

Too reluctant to use large army

83
Q

Movement of Army of Potomac in April 1862

A

121,000 moved to Fortress Monroe, 70 miles from Richmond

84
Q

Size of Confed force stopping McClellan’s peninsula campaign, and commander

A

11,000 commanded by General Magruder, appeared more by marching up and down

85
Q

Jackson’s successes from March to June 1862 (3)

A

Marched hundreds of kilometres, inflicted 7000 casualties and diverted 60,000 troops from other tasks

86
Q

Month of capture of New Orleans

A

April 1862

87
Q

Evidence that Lincoln thought war was close to victory in 1862

A

In April, Lincoln, Stanton, called a halt to federal recruiting

88
Q

When did Lee come to lead and who did he replace

A

31 May 1862, General Johnston

89
Q

Lee’s key military tactic

A

Offensive defensive

90
Q

The Seven Days, month

A

June-July 1862

91
Q

Who initiated the Seven Days

A

Lee

92
Q

Who won the seven days

A

Lee but lost more men

93
Q

Month of Second Manassas

A

August 1862

94
Q

Head of Union armies at time of Second Manassas

A

General Pope

95
Q

Head of union armies after second Manassas

A

McClellan

96
Q

Who won second Manassas

A

Confed

97
Q

Lee’s aims for Maryland Campaign (5)

A
Protect Virginia's harvest
Gain Maryland volunteers
Win a decisive victory
Demoralise the North
Persuade Britain to recognise it
98
Q

At what battle did orders fall into Confed hands?

A

Battle of Antietam

99
Q

Month of Antietam

A

September 1862

100
Q

Number of men lost on 17 September in Antietam

A

10,000 Confed, 14,000 McClellan

101
Q

Aftermath of Antietam (3)

A

Lee retreated into Virginia
Emancipation proclamation issued
McClellan failed to follow up

102
Q

Who replaced McClellan after Nov 1862

A

General Burnside

103
Q

Month of Battle of Fredricksburg

A

December 1862

104
Q

Casualties of Fredricksburg

A

Union forces lost 11,000 men, Confed lost less than 5000

105
Q

Who won first major battle in West, Missouri

A

Confederates

106
Q

1861 structure of Western forces Union

A

General Halleck on Mississippi, General Buell in Kentucky and Tennessee

107
Q

Leader of Confed Western forces in 1861

A

General Albert Johnston

108
Q

Union first victory of war, site and month

A

Jan 1862, Mill Springs, Kentucky

109
Q

Grants first success in West

A

Capture of 16,000 at Fort Donelson

110
Q

Month of Shiloh

A

April 1862

111
Q

Who won 1st day of Shiloh

A

Confed

112
Q

Who won Shiloh

A

Union

113
Q

Effect of Shiloh on leadership of armies (2)

A

Halleck appointed General in chief

Beaureguard replaced by Bragg

114
Q

War situation in 1862 in Kentucky and Tennessee

A

No real gains on either side

115
Q

Who replaced Burnside when

A

Fighting Joe Hooker, Jan 1863

116
Q

Month of Battle of Chancellorsville

A

May 1863

117
Q

Which General from each side was involved in the other conflict at Chancellorsville

A

General Early (Confed), Gen Sedgewick (Union)

118
Q

Date of Jackson’s death

A

10 May 1863

119
Q

Who won Chancellorsville

A

Confederacy

120
Q

Who replaced Hooker, when

A

General Meade on 28th June 1863

121
Q

Dates if Gettysburg

A

1-3 July 1863

122
Q

Confed achievements on first day of Gettysburg

A

Forced Union troops on to Culp’s Hill and Cemetry Hill

123
Q

Site of near Confed break through at Gettysburg

A

Little around Top

124
Q

Who won second day of Gettysburg?

A

Stalemate

125
Q

Number of men in Pickett’s charge on 3rd day of Gettysburg, and losses

A

15,000, 6,500 in first hour

126
Q

Total losses on both sides from Gettysburg

A

28,000 Confed, 23,000 Union

127
Q

Impact of Gettysburg on Union (3)

A

High morale
Myth of invincibility
Confed never strong enough again

128
Q

Reasons Gettysburg was not a turning point (2)

A

Couldn’t hold for long

Couldn’t follow up

129
Q

Importance if Vicksburg

A

Control of Mississippi

130
Q

Three Confed generals in West

A

Pemberton at Vicksburg
Johnston for West
Bragg for Kentucky and Tennessee

131
Q

Who led ironclad fleet past Vicksburg

A

Admiral Porter

132
Q

When did Grant cross the Mississippi

A

End of April 1863

133
Q

Grants tactic in Vicksburg campaign

A

Divide forces and attack separately

134
Q

Date of Vicksburg’s capture

A

4 July 1863

135
Q

Number of Confed troops surrendering at Vicksburg

A

30,000

136
Q

Date of capture of Port Hudson

A

9 July 1863

137
Q

Month of Battle Chickamauga

A

September 1863

138
Q

Which Union General pushed Bragg back in Autumn 1863

A

General Rosecrans

139
Q

Who won battle of Chickamauga

A

Comfederacy

140
Q

Who besieged Chattanooga

A

Bragg

141
Q

How did Grant save Chattanooga

A

Cracker Line

142
Q

Date Lookout Mountain was stormed

A

24 November 1863

143
Q

Date of Grant becoming General in chief

A

March 1864

144
Q

Who replaced Grant out West

A

Sherman

145
Q

Grants planned advance in 1864

A

“Simultaneous movement all along the line”

146
Q

Offer made to Union veterans for re-enlisting in 1864

A

$400 and 30 days leave

147
Q

Number of Union veterans who did re-enlist

A

136,000 did, 100,000 didnt

148
Q

Months of Wilderness Campaign

A

May-June 1864

149
Q

Grant’s plan’s initial failings in 1864 (3)

A

Banks defeated in red river area
Butler didn’t pressure Richmond
Union forces in Shenandoah were defeated

150
Q

Number of losses in Grant’s Wilderness campaign (Union, confed)

A

50,000 U to 25,000 Confed

151
Q

Nickname for Grant, and who given by

A

Butcher Grant, by Democrats

152
Q

Union attempts to burrow under Confed lines, where and when

A

Petersburg, 30 July 1864

153
Q

Confed General at Petersburg

A

General Beaureguard

154
Q

Siege of Petersburg, dates

A

June 1864- April 1865

155
Q

New Union commander in Shenandoah valley in Autumn 1864

A

Sheridan

156
Q

Who was Confed General before Hood against Sherman

A

General Johnston

157
Q

Confed losses under Hood

A

20,000

158
Q

Month of Sherman’s capture of Atlanta

A

September 1864

159
Q

Full name and age of Hood

A

John Bell Hood, 33

160
Q

1864 Democrat Presidential nomination

A

General McClellan

161
Q

Month of Lincoln’s nomination

A

June 1864

162
Q

Lincoln’s running mate in 1864, name and state

A

Andrew Johnson of Tennessee

163
Q

Month of Lincoln’s re-election

A

November 1864

164
Q

1864 Election results

A

Lincoln won 2,212,645 (55%) and 212 EC votes

McClellan won 1,802,237 (45%) and 21 EC votes

165
Q

Effect of 1864 on republican majorities in both houses of Congress

A

Increased majority

166
Q

Lincoln’s share of soldier vote

A

78%

167
Q

Sherman’s march through Georgia in Autumn 1864, length and damage

A

285 miles, $100 million damage

168
Q

Month of battle of Nashville

A

December 1864

169
Q

Commanders at Nashville 64

A

Union Thomas, Confed Hood

170
Q

Month of Hood’s resignation

A

Jan 1865

171
Q

Confed initial attempts at peace talks in 1865 who and when

A

Vice-President Stephens in Feb 1865

172
Q

Month of Confed approval of slave regiments

A

March 1865

173
Q

Comparative troop numbers at Petersburg trenches in March 1865

A

Confed 50,000, Union had 125,000 and more approaching

174
Q

Month of fall of Petersburg and Richmond

A

April 1865

175
Q

Date of Lincoln’s visit to Richmond

A

3 April 1865

176
Q

Lee’s plan after fall of Richmond

A

Join up with Johnston

177
Q

Date of meeting at Appomattox Court House between who

A

10 April 1865, Lee and Grant

178
Q

Date of Davis’ capture

A

10 May 1865

179
Q

Date of last battle, result and where

A

13 May 1865, Texas and Confed

180
Q

Largest city in Confederacy

A

New Orleans

181
Q

Union songs that developed during the war (2)

A

Battle Cry of Freedom and John Brown’s Body

182
Q

Nickname for General Meade

A

Old Snapping Turtle

183
Q

Which regiment saved day at Gettysburg and who led by

A

20th Maine, Joshua Chamberlain

184
Q

Date and campaign of Battle Above The Clouds

A

24 November, Chattanooga

185
Q

Comparative troop numbers at Nashville siege in 1864

A

23,000 Confed besieging 50,000 Union

186
Q

Number of people arrested under Lincoln

A

40,000

187
Q

What fraction of trains was made in the South I’m 1860

A

19/470

188
Q

How many ships were in the blockade at one time

A

150

189
Q

Confederate % of saltpetre imported

A

75%

190
Q

Confederate % of small arms produced

A

60%

191
Q

Name of main Confederate Commissioner to Union

A

William L Yancey