Damage to the tubule cells within the kidneys that results in renal failure
Acute Tubular Necrosis
The accumulation of the abnormal protein amyloid in the kidneys and other organs that can lead to organ damage, as well as renal failure
Amyloidosis
The excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood
Azotemia
A measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea
Blood Urea Nitrogen
An extension of the renal cortex located between the the renal pyramids
Columns of Bertin
The ability to sonographically distinguish between the normal cortex and medullary portions of the kidney
Corticomedullary Differentiation
A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism and excreted in the urine
Creatinine
The muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder
Detrusor muscle
Shadowing seen posterior to gas or air
Dirty Shadowing
Growing outward
Exophytic
Pain in one side of the body between the upper abdomen and the back
Flank pain
The fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and adrenal gland
Gerota Fascia
Blood within the urine that is visible to the naked eye
Gross Hematuria
Form of dialysis that utilizes a machine that essentially acts as a kidney whereby it extracts the patient’s blood, filters it, and returns the filtered blood to the patient
Hemodialysis
Maintenance of normal body physiology
Homeostasis
Decreased blood volume
Hypovolemia
An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker
Lactate Dehydrogenase
Division of the duplex collecting system, as in the upper pole moiety and the lower pole moiety
Moiety
A small mass located on the wall of a structure
Mural Nodule
The functional of the kidney
Nephron
A nuclear medicine examination of the urinary bladder and ureters
Nuclear Cystogram
A small protrusion of tissue
Papillary Projection
A form of dialysis that uses a solution that is instilled into the abdomen; uses diffusion and osmosis to filter waste products from the blood
Peritoneal Dialysis
Irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that do not allow urine to exit the urethra
Posterior Urethral Valves
Prune Belly Syndrome
A syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder
Pus within the urine
Pyuria
A sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin and is typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter
Renal Colic
The outer part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for filtration
Renal Cortex
A ratio calculated by dividing the highest renal artery velocity by the highest aortic velocity obtained at the level of the renal arteries
Renal:Aorta Ratio
The inner part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for absorption
Renal Medulla
Cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla that contains part of the nephron
Renal Pyramids
The portion of the kidney containing the minor calices, major calices, renal pelvis, and infundibula
Renal Sinus
Enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure
Renin
An artifact that results from a sound wave interacting with a large acoustic interface that repeatedly bounces back and forth from the interface to the transducer
Reverberation artifact
A partition separating two or more cavities
Septation
The combination of a slow systolic upstroke and a decreased systolic velocity
Tardus-Parvus
Muscular bundle
Trabeculae
The area within the urinary bladder where the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are located
Trigone of the Urinary Bladder
A pelvic abscess involving the uterine tubes and ovaries that is often caused by pelvic inflammatory disease
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
The junction of the ureter and renal pelvis
Ureteropelvic Junction
The junction of the ureter and urinary bladder
Ureterovesicular Junction
Inflammation of the urethra
Urethritits
A radiographic examination that involves the assessment of the urinary bladder and distal ureter for urinary reflux and other abnormalities
Voiding Cystourethrogram