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Flashcards in The Stuarts Deck (30)
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1
Q

Who succeeded Elizabeth I?

A

James I (James VI of Scotland)

2
Q

What was the name of the parliamentary army in the English Civil War.

A

The New Model Army.

3
Q

Who did Charles I marry?
A) an English Protestant
B) a French Catholic

A

B) a French Catholic

4
Q

What was the names of Charles I’s queen?

A

Henrietta Maria

5
Q

What was Ship Money?

A

A form of emergency taxation. It was meant to be paid by coastal towns, in wartime, to raise money, to build ships. Charles I charged inland areas too, and raised the tax several times, despite there being no threat of invasion. It was a way of raising money for the Crown, without needing Parliament to give their agreement.

6
Q

When and where did the Civil War begin?

A
  1. In Nottingham. When Charles I raised his standard to declare war on Parliament.
7
Q

Who said ‘I see the birds are flown’ and why?

A

Charles I in Jan 1642, when he forced his way into the House of Commons to try and arrest 5 leading MPs, including John Pym. The MPs had been warned and had already left the Commons. Consequently, Charles had to leave empty-handed.

8
Q

What was the nickname given to the Parliamentary Army?

A

Roundheads - because of the shape of their helmets.

9
Q

What were Royalist soldiers known as?

A

Cavaliers

10
Q

What kinds of people, generally, supported the King in the Civil War?

A

Anglicans, Landowners, Lords

11
Q

What kinds of people, generally, supported Parliament, in the Civil War?

A

MPs, Merchants, Puritans, Londoners

12
Q

Who was William Laud and what happened to him in 1640?

A

He was Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I. He was hated by Puritans because of his changes to the Church of England and his harsh punishments for people who criticised him (he had some puritans’ ears cut off, for publishing pamphlets against the Church of England). In 1640, he was imprisioned, because Charles was trying to work with Parliament.

13
Q

Who rebelled in 1641?

A

Irish Catholics

14
Q

How did Charles I anger the Scots in 1637?

A

By trying to force a new, Anglican prayer-book on the Scottish Presbyterians (strict Protestants).

15
Q

What was the ‘Divine Right of Kings’?

A

James I’s and Charles I’s belief that they had been made/chosen to be king by God and consequently, no human being could tell them how to behave, rule or limit their powers. This belief led Charles into conflict with Parliament.

16
Q

Which king of Scotland, also became King of England, in 1603?

A

James VI of Scotland. He became James I of England.

17
Q

Which Civil War battle was a turning-point for the fortunes of Parliament?

A

Battle of Marston Moor, July 1644. It was the first definitive victory for the New Model Army.

18
Q

Who was Prince Rupert?

A

Charles I’s nephew and one of his leading Civil War commanders. He was brave, but rash. No match for the New Model Army.

19
Q

What advantages did the New Model Army have over the Royalists?

A

They were led by skilled generals like Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax. They were well-fed, well-equipped, well-paid and well-trained. Many were disciplined Puritans who believed they were fighting for a just and right cause.

20
Q

What did Charles I do when he was taken prisoner by Parliament in 1646?

A

Secretly plotted with the Scots to restart the Civil War.

21
Q

When was the Battle of Preston and who won it?

A

1648 and Parliament won.

22
Q

When and where was Charles I executed?

A

30 January, 1649, on a scaffold outside Whitehall, in London.

23
Q

Why did Charles wear two shirts on the say of his execution?

A

To avoid shivering from the cold, in case people thought he was scared.

24
Q

Who was the leading judge at the trial of Charles I?

A

John Bradshaw.

25
Q

What was Charles I accused of at his trial in 1649?

A

Treason and for starting the Civil War.

26
Q

How do we know the judges at Charles’ trial were nervous?

A

Many did not turn up and John Bradshaw (President of the Court) wore a hat which was reinforced with metal.

27
Q

Who was James I’s favourite?

A

James Villiers, Duke of Buckingham

28
Q

What title was Oliver Cromwell given in 1653?

A

Lord Protector.

29
Q

What religion was Oliver Cromwell.

A

Puritan

30
Q

What did the crowd do at the execution of Charles I?

A

Dipped handkerchiefs in his blood and plucked hairs from his head as souvenirs.