The SinoSoviet split, 1958–69- The significance of Russian demands in 1958 and the clash of personalities between Khrushchev and Mao Flashcards Preview

The Making of Modern China 1860-1997 (Edexel A-level) > The SinoSoviet split, 1958–69- The significance of Russian demands in 1958 and the clash of personalities between Khrushchev and Mao > Flashcards

Flashcards in The SinoSoviet split, 1958–69- The significance of Russian demands in 1958 and the clash of personalities between Khrushchev and Mao Deck (37)
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1
Q

when was the treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual existence signed

A

1950

2
Q

when did Khrushchev replace Stalin as leader of the USSR?

A

1953

3
Q

when and what was the secret speech?

A

1956- Khrushchev savaged Stalin’s rule - attacked the cult personality (threatens mao’s authority)

4
Q

why were relations between china and the soviet union strained by 1958? (3)

A

a soviet rejection of China’s peasant based vision of communism, Mao’s belief that the USSR was attempting to impose unequal agreements like the tsars, Mao’s rejection of de-stalinisation and peaceful coexistence

5
Q

what did Khrushchev put an idea forward for between China and the Soviet Union

A

joint pacific naval fleet

6
Q

why was the joint pacific naval fleet a point of disagreement

A

Mao wanted a soviet fleet headed by chinese officers, but Khrushchev wanted the fleet to be headed by soviet officers

7
Q

what else did Khrushchev include in the demands

A

longwave radio station based in china to control Russia’s submarine fleet, he also wanted permission for soviet navy to carry out repairs in Chinese ports- sailors leave on Chinese territory

8
Q

what did Mao interpret the demands as

A

attempted violation of Chinese sovereignty - trying to exert influence over china

9
Q

what did Mao see Khrushchev’s moves as

A

great power chauvinism, also Mao had been waiting years for weapon development (like nuclear weapons) and though K was stalling – though K did not trust him with nuclear weapons

10
Q

how did Mao show disrespect towards Khrushchev

A

blowing smoke in his face- saw himself as superior

11
Q

where had Chiang Kai Shek gone after the GMD lost the civil war

A

Taiwan

12
Q

what did Mao believe was china’s destiny?

A

to take over Taiwan and reunite it with the mainland under communist control

13
Q

what did the USA recognise as the legitimate government of china since 1949

A

Taiwan, not the PRC

14
Q

what did Mao fear about Taiwan

A

that it could be used as springboards for a GMD invasion of mainland china

15
Q

what did Mao order in 1958 in regards to Taiwan

A

a bombardment of the islands- led to the Taiwan crisis

16
Q

what did the Taiwan crisis mean for Sino-soviet relations

A

Khrushchev didn’t want to threaten the USA (war)– Mao saw him as a coward and a traitor

17
Q

what did Khrushchev’s support for peaceful coexistence with capitalism mean for Mao

A

personality clash- Mao wanted worldwide revolution

18
Q

what did Khrushchev think of mao

A

he was hot-headed and unaware of the practical effects of the ideas he advocated

19
Q

why did Mao accuse Khrushchev of revisionism

A

he reopened relations with Yugoslavia (which had been terminated due to its co-operation with the west) he also granted other soviet nations the right to interpret Marxism in different ways

20
Q

what did Mao perceive as a weakness of Khrushchev

A

his keenness to establish unity throughout the soviet union– not hardline and honest to communism

21
Q

how was Mao held up as a god-like figure?

A

in 1961 his followers collated his speeches into the little red book

22
Q

how can Mao’s disregard for Khrushchev be seen in his visit to China in 1958?

A

He was put in a hotel with no air-con, Mao arranged a meeting in a swimming pool but Khrushchev could not swim (Mao was an excellent swimmer)

23
Q

what signified a full split in sino-soviet relations

A

the great leap forward

24
Q

how much had the agricultural economy grown in the first five year plan and what did Mao blame

A

only 3%- blamed china’s dependence of Soviet methods

25
Q

what methods did Mao advocate

A

forceful collectivisation and communes

26
Q

What bold claim by Mao threatened the ideological dominance of the USSR

A

that through the use of communes china was going to realise communism, and avoid the detours and pitfalls suffered by the soviet union

27
Q

when was soviet economic assistance withdrawn from china

A

1959

28
Q

what did mao place at the core of the great leap forward

A

the empowering of the masses

29
Q

what did Khrushchev fear about giving Mao nuclear weapons

A

that USA would also arm its allies

30
Q

what was any criticism of the great leap forward seen as

A

(supporting) soviet revisionism

31
Q

who was Peng Dehuai?

A

veteran revolutionary and minister for efence that had taken a tour of PRC in 1959 and found out the impact of the Great leap forward

32
Q

what did Peng do in the Lushan meeting in 1959?

A

put his concerns to Mao about what he saw- Mao was furious and accused peng was attacking his leadership

33
Q

what happened to Peng

A

due to a visit to the soviet union he was accused of giving them information and he was dismissed

34
Q

when did Khrushchev end all economic assitance to china

A

1960

35
Q

what did the withdrawal of economic assistance lead to

A

soviet experts left china, taking blueprints with them, soviet aided factories closed and joint projects were discontinued

36
Q

what did Mao say Khrushchev was by the early 1960s

A

a redundant old boot that should be thrown away and forgotten about

37
Q

what did Khrushchev call mao in 1961

A

an Asian hitler and a living corpse

Decks in The Making of Modern China 1860-1997 (Edexel A-level) Class (19):