The Pelvis as a Region of Anatomy of the Body Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in The Pelvis as a Region of Anatomy of the Body Deck (34)
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1
Q

List the surface areas of the abdomen on the left and right sides from superficial to inferior.

A

1 - Hypochondriac.

2 - Lumbar.

3 - Iliac.

2
Q

List the surface areas of the abdomen on the central line from superficial to inferior.

A

1 - Epigastric.

2 - Umbilical.

3 - Hypogastric.

3
Q

List the superior, inferior, anterior, posterior and lateral borders of the abdominopelvic cavity.

A
  • Superior:

1 - The inferior border of the diaphragm.

Inferior:

1 - Pelvic floor.

2 - Perineum.

Anterior:

1 - Anterior abdominal muscles (anterosuperior).

2 - Anterior border of bony pelvis (anteroinferior).

Posterior:

1 - Ribs (posterosuperior).

2 - Vertebral column (posterosuperior).

3 - The sacrum (posteroinferior).

Lateral:

1 - Ribs (superolateral).

2 - Thigh (inferolateral).

4
Q

List the bones of the pelvis.

A

1 - Sacrum.

2 - Ilium.

3 - Ischium.

4 - Pubis.

5 - Coccyx

5
Q

What are the superior and inferior apertures of the pelvis otherwise known as?

A
  • The superior aperture is also known as the pelvic inlet.

- The inferior aperture is also known as the pelvic outlet.

6
Q

List the palpable bony components of the pelvic inlet.

A

1 - Highest point, known as the supracristal plane.

2 - Middle point, known as the transtubercular plane.

3 - Lowest point known as the pelvic brim.

7
Q

Which vertebral level corresponds to the highest palpable point of the pelvic inlet / the supracristal plane?

A

L3/4 intervertebral disc.

8
Q

List 2 anatomical structures that occur at the level of the supracristal plane.

A

1 - The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the common iliac arteries.

2 - The umbilicus.

9
Q

Which vertebral level corresponds to the middle palpable point of the pelvic inlet / transtubercular plane?

A

L5.

10
Q

Which structures does the transtubercular plane intersect?

A

The iliac tubercles.

11
Q

Which bony component of the pelvis forms the pelvic brim?

A

The pubic crest.

12
Q

Which structure divides the pelvis into the greater and lesser pelvises?

A

The pelvic brim.

13
Q

List the contents of the greater pelvis.

A

1 - Colon.

2 - Iliacus.

3 - Psoas major and minor.

14
Q

List the contents of the lesser pelvis.

A

1 - Reproductive system.

2 - urinary system.

3 - Terminal portion of the digestive system.

15
Q

Which artery supplies all of the organs of the lesser pelvis?

A

The internal iliac artery.

16
Q

What is the rectovesical pouch?

A
  • In the male pelvis, the parietal peritoneum separates the urinary bladder (anteriorly) from the rectum (posteriorly).
  • As the parietal peritoneum courses between the two, it forms a pouch known as the rectovesical pouch.
17
Q

What are the rectouterine and vesicouterine pouches?

A
  • In the female pelvis, the parietal peritoneum separates the urinary bladder (anteriorly) from the uterus (midway) and the rectum (posteriorly).
  • As the parietal peritoneum courses between the three, it forms two pouches - the rectouterine and vesicouterine pouches.
18
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch otherwise known as?

A

The pouch of Douglas.

19
Q

What is the space of Retzius?

A

The potential space between the pubic symphysis and the bladder.

20
Q

What is the perineal body?

How does it affect the appearance of the region in which it is found?

A
  • A thickening of fascia in the pelvic floor that acts as a point of attachment of muscles.
  • It causes the pelvic floor to adopt a hammock-like shape.
21
Q

List the anterior, posterior and lateral attachments of the pelvic floor.

A
  • Anteriorly, the pubis.
  • Posteriorly, the coccyx.
  • Laterally, a thickened band of the obturator fascia.
22
Q

What are the urogenital and anal triangles?

A
  • The pelvic outlet has a diamond shape.
  • If a horizontal line is drawn through the perineal body, the diamond is bisected into two triangles.
  • The anterior triangle is known as the urogenital triangle.
  • The posterior triangle is known as the anal triangle.
23
Q

Which structure defines the openings of the urethra and vagina?

A

The perineal membrane.

24
Q

What structure anchors the perineal membrane at the midline?

A

The perineal body.

25
Q

List 5 muscles anchored at the perineal body.

A

1 - The external anal sphincter.

2 - The external urethral sphincter.

3 - Superficial transverse perineal muscle.

4 - Deep transverse perineal muscle.

5 - Bulbospongiosus.

26
Q

List the layers of the pelvic floor from superior to inferior.

Which of these layers comprise the pelvic diaphragm?

A

The pelvic floor consists of the pelvic diaphragm and perineum:

1 - Internal layer of fascia.

2 - Levator ani (anteriorly) and coccygeus muscles (inferiorly).

3 - External layer of fascia.

4 - Perineal membrane.

5 - Perineum.

  • Layers 1-3 comprise the pelvic diaphragm.
27
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

A potential space between the perineal membrane and the perineum.

28
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

A potential space between the external layer of fascia of the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal membrane.

29
Q

List the muscles comprising the levator ani.

Which muscle forms the main part of levator ani?

A

1 - Puborectalis.

2 - Pubococcygeus (main muscle).

3 - Iliococcygeus.

30
Q

Describe the course of the puborectalis muscle.

What is the function of its shape?

A
  • Arises from the pubis.
  • Passes posteriorly to unite with the other puborectalis muscle, forming a U shaped sling around the anorectal junction.
  • The sling maintains anorectal flexure, contributing to continence.
  • Some fibres of puborectalis insert into the deep part of the external anal sphincter.
31
Q

How does the puborectalis muscle differ between males and females?

A
  • In males, some fibres pass more anteriorly around the prostate, forming the levator prostatae muscle.
  • In females, some fibres pass as a sling behind the vagina, inserting into the perineal body and forming the pubovaginalis muscle.
32
Q

Describe the course of the pubococcygeus muscle.

A
  • It arises from the pubis.

- It runs posteromedially to insert into the coccyx and anococcygeal ligament.

33
Q

How does the pubococcygeus muscle differ between males and females?

A

In females, it also encircles the urethra, vagina and anus, merging into the perineal body.

34
Q

Describe the course of the iliococcygeus muscle.

A
  • It arises from the lateral pubic symphysis.
  • It travels laterally over the obturator internus.
  • It meets in the midline with the other iliococcygeus muscle and continues to insert at the coccyx.