The origins of the Cold War: 1941 - 1948 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in The origins of the Cold War: 1941 - 1948 Deck (22)
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1
Q

What were the 3 conferences held between 1943 and 1945 to discuss the future of the world after WW2? (3)

A

Tehran.
Yalta.
Potsdam.

2
Q

What was agreed at the Tehran Conference in 1943? (4)

A

The Grand Alliance agreed to cooperate.
The USA and GB would invade Nazi occupied France at the earliest chance.
The USSR would attack Japan.
The United Nations would be formed.

3
Q

What was agreed at the Yalta Conference in Feb 1945? (7)

A

Germany and Berlin would be split into 4 zones, Berlin was still split even though it was part of the USSR’s section in East Germany.
USSR would attack Japan.
German War criminals would be punished.
Free elections in USSR occupied countries.
Free elections in Poland.
The Nazi party would be banned and war criminals prosecuted.
Germany would pay $20 billion in reparations half of which would go to the Soviet union.

4
Q

Who replaced Roosevelt as the president of the USA at the Potsdam Conference?

A

Truman, he was suspicious of Communism and did not like Stalin.

5
Q

What created tension at the Potsdam Conference in July-Aug 1945? (3)

A

Change of leaders.
Stalin wanted influence in Poland.
The USA used the atom bomb on Japan without telling the USSR.

6
Q

When did the USA use the atomic bombs on Japan and what war ended as a result of their use? (2)

A

August 1945 during the Potsdam Conference.

WW2 came to an end.

7
Q

What were the Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam talks known as?

A

Wartime Conferences

8
Q

What were the consequences of the USA using the atomic bomb against Japan? (2)

A

The USSR began to build their own and this marked the start of the Arms Race.
The USSR tightened its control over the Eastern European countries it occupied.

9
Q

In what year did the USSR develop their own atomic bomb?

A

1949.

10
Q

What did George Kennan’s Long Telegram say about the USSR in 1946?

A

The USSR was expanding its control and was aggressively trying to take over land in Europe

11
Q

What did the USSR’s Novikov telegram say about the USA In reply?

A

The USA was aggressive and looking to dominate the world with its power.

12
Q

What Eastern European countries became satellite states of the USSR up to 1948? (5)

A
Poland.
East Germany.
Hungary.
Romania.
Bulgaria.
13
Q

How did different countries, especially Poland come to be Satellite states? (3)

A

Rigged elections.
Communists taking key roles in coalition governments,
The Red Army.

14
Q

What did Winston Churchill famously say, in 1946, was happening in Europe?

A

An ‘Iron Curtain’ was developing between free capitalist countries and communist countries.

15
Q

How did the USA view the USSR’s creation of ‘Satellite states’?

A

An aggressive move, empire building.

16
Q

What was Stalin’s justification for Satellite states? (2)

A

Communism was good for people.

It was a buffer against future invasion.

17
Q

What was the main message of the Truman Doctrine speech in 1947?

A

To contain/stop the spread of Communism.

18
Q

What was happening in Greece and Turkey that moved Truman to make the speech when he did? (2)

A

Civil war and communist uprisings.

Britain couldn’t deal with the situation so the USA had to do the ‘superpower’ thing by stepping in.

19
Q

What was the purpose of the Marshall plan?

A

The help Europe recover from the war without turning to Communism, in turn stopping the ‘spread’

20
Q

What was the importance of the Marshall plan for the world? (3)

A

It increased the USSR’s determination to secure influence of its own.
It increased the divide between Communist and Capitalist countries because the USSR pressured their satellite states to reject Marshall Aid.
It led to the USSR setting up Cominform and then later Comecon.

21
Q

Define ‘Satellite State’

A

A country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.

22
Q

What was agreed at the Potsdam Conference in July-August 1945? (3)

A

The German economy would be run as a whole.
Germany would be divided into four zones administered by the Soviet Union, the USA, Britain and France.
Berlin would also be divided into four zones , controlled by different countries, even though it was based well inside soviet-controlled Germany.