The nervous system 2 Flashcards Preview

PA10315 > The nervous system 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in The nervous system 2 Deck (33)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What motor is involved in the somatic system?

A

The somatic motor.

2
Q

What motor is involved in the autonomic system?

A

The visceral motor.

3
Q

What are the four different divisions of the spinal nerves?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral.

4
Q

What are the different touch and visceral inputs into the CNS?

A

Mechanoceptors, proprioceptors, nociceptors, thermoceptors and chemoceptors.

5
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

Receptor for painful stimuli.

6
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

Receptor that receives stimuli from the internal body, such as position and movement.

7
Q

What are the three different types of neuron?

A

Unipolar, bipolar and multipolar - varies on how many extensions exist from the cell body.

8
Q

What is the common integrative centre in reflex arcs?

A

The spinal cord.

9
Q

What is the fastest and largest sensory neurone?

A

Those of priproceptors of skeletal muscle.

10
Q

What are dorsal roots?

A

Spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cords.

11
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Cells that produce myelination of neurones in the central nervous system - they are the same as Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

12
Q

What are the functions of glial cells?

A

Support, insulation, buffering and scavenging, guide developing neurones, immune response and blood-brain barrier.

13
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid produced by?

A

Choroid plexus.

14
Q

What is the total volume of CSF?

A

120ml.

15
Q

What is CSF composed of?

A

Aqueous solution of NaCl and glucose, with low concentrations of K+ and Ca2+.

16
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Buoyancy and cushioning, compensation of changes in brain volume, drug delivery, hydrocephalus.

17
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

A condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain - can sometimes cause brain damage.

18
Q

What tissue is under control of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Smooth muscle, glandular tissue and cardiac muscle.

19
Q

What is significant about the preganglionic neurone in the sympathetic system?

A

It is short.

20
Q

What is significant about the preganglionic neurone in the parasympathetic system?

A

It is long.

21
Q

What neurotransmitter is released at the effector in the sympathetic system?

A

Noradrenaline/adrenaline that acts on the heart, blood vessels etc.

22
Q

What neurotransmitter is released at the effector in the parasympathetic system?

A

Ach - Muscarinic that acts on the heart, smooth muscles and sweat glands.

23
Q

Are adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors G protein coupled or ligand-gated ion channels in the autonomic nervous system?

A

G protein coupled.

24
Q

What do Gs coupled receptors do?

A

Activate adenylate cyclase - cAMP production

25
Q

What do Gi/Go coupled receptors do?

A

Inhibit adenylate cyclase.

26
Q

What do Gq coupled receptors do?

A

Activate phopholipase C - production of IP3.

27
Q

What are the two subtypes of adrenoceptor in the sympathetic system?

A

Alpha and beta.

28
Q

What is the main agonist of the alpha adrenergic receptor?

A

Noradrenaline.

29
Q

What is the main agonist of the beta adrenergic receptor?

A

Adrenaline.

30
Q

What are the subtypes of the alpha adrenergic receptor?

A

Alpha 1 and 2.

31
Q

What are the subtypes of the beta adrenergic receptor?

A

Beta 1 2 and 3.

32
Q

What are the subtypes of the muscarinic receptors - parasympathetic?

A

M1 M2 and M3.

33
Q

What are the differences between the subtypes of the muscarinic receptors?

A

M1 - neural, M2 - cardiac and M3 - glandular. CNS, heart and smooth muscle.