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Flashcards in The Mass Democratic Movement (9) Deck (11)
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1
Q

The banned ANC called for 1989 to be a…………………..

A

‘Year of Mass Action’.

2
Q

What happened in February 1985?

A

In February, after a highly publicized hunger strike, hundreds of political detainees were released

3
Q

What happened in August 1985?

A

In August a broad alliance of anti-apartheid organizations formed the Mass Democratic Movement (MDM), with UDF supporters and COSATU as its core members.

4
Q

What did the MDM launch?

A

The MDM launched a Defiance Campaign against the government.

5
Q

What was the Defiance Campaign?

A

This was a national campaign that called for an end to segregation in hospitals, public transport and beaches, and widespread worker stay-aways to protest about the tricameral elections of September 1989.

6
Q

How was the success of the Defiance Campaign evident?

A

The success of the campaign was evident when three million workers stayed away from work on election day.

7
Q

Despite the harsh government reaction, the mood of defiance grew.

Elaborate on this statement.

A

People became bolder and ignored government banning orders, eviction notices and restrictions, and openly defied segregation laws.

8
Q

How did the MDM respond to the banning of the ANC?

A

Although the ANC remained banned, the MDM ignored this by openly displaying its flag and distributing its literature. The MDM also organized huge freedom marches in major cities.

9
Q

How did the government respond to marches?

A

Previously the government had met any such challenge with swift repression, but now it took little action against the marchers.

10
Q

A march of about ______ people in central Cape Town was followed by similar marches throughout the country.

A

40 000

11
Q

It was clear that civil protests had been ____ and that the government was no longer in control. By the end of 1989, the stage was set for major changes in South Africa.

A

effective