The Japanese threat, 1931–41-The significance of the Manchurian Crisis of 1931–33 Flashcards Preview

The Making of Modern China 1860-1997 (Edexel A-level) > The Japanese threat, 1931–41-The significance of the Manchurian Crisis of 1931–33 > Flashcards

Flashcards in The Japanese threat, 1931–41-The significance of the Manchurian Crisis of 1931–33 Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What did the Wall street crash in 1929 mean for Japan

A

exports were hit hard- USA raised its imports tariff

2
Q

why did Japan have to look towards China?

A

expanding population, lack of raw materials

3
Q

what was the Tanaka memorial (1927)

A

alleged Japanese strategic planning document from 1927 in which Prime Minister Baron Tanaka Giichi laid out for Emperor Hirohito a strategy to take over the world.

4
Q

what had Chiang Kai Shek achieved by 1928

A

unifying most of china

5
Q

what did China’s more unified state under Chiang Kai Shek mean for Japan?

A

threatened its dominance in Manchuria

6
Q

what did the Japanese do to assert dominance in Manchuria

A

assassinated the warlord there, hoping his son would be more compliant to their demands– he proved to be loyal to china

7
Q

What did Chiang and the GMD turn their attention to

A

the rising communist threat- saw it as more significant than the threat posed by military presence of Japan in manchuria

8
Q

was Japan united in its approach towards China?

A

no- military supported the Tanaka Memorial but the government supported a more diplomatic approach

9
Q

what did the Kwangtung army do on the 18th of sept 1931

A

blew up a segment of the south manchurian railway and blamed Chinese saboteurs

10
Q

what happened after the Mukden incident

A

the Kwangtung army occupied official buildings in Mukden, japan gov was forced to agree with this even tho the military had acted before orders.

11
Q

what was Chiang’s reaction after the Mukden incident

A

he did not want to fight the japanese- he saw communism as a more prominent issue and was deep into a campaign to destroy the communists so he told Zhang Xueliang to withdraw troops

12
Q

what did Chiang do in the wake of japanese invasion

A

appealed to the League of Nations

13
Q

what did the League of nations do in response to China’s appeal

A

set up the lytton commission to investigate the matter

14
Q

what did the lytton commission find

A

that japan was guilty of agression and that China’s sovereignty had been compromised

15
Q

how did Japan react to the Lytton report

A

ignored it and walked out of the league, never to return

16
Q

did the League offer any support to china despite the report’s findings?

A

no, didnt send troops

17
Q

how did Chinese people react to the Japanese invasion

A

boycotts- Japanese sales in china were cut by 2/3

18
Q

when was Manchuria conquered by Japan

A

1932

19
Q

what happened to Puyi?

A

he was made the chief executive of the newly named Manchukuo by the Japanese

20
Q

why did the Japanese appoint Puyi?

A

to give Manchukuo a chinese character (make it legitimate) but it was really a puppet regime

21
Q

Shanghai- what did japan do

A

military officers wanted to create a situation to justify conflict (end the boycott of japanese goods) – group of japanese monks were beaten by a chinese crowd to they had the excuse they needed

22
Q

what happened when Japanese marines landed in Shanghai

A

they were opposed by the Guomindang ( GMD) troops– japan then ordered an aerial bombardment

23
Q

how many Japanese troops were in shanghai?

A

70,000

24
Q

what did Chiang do against the GMD army’s wishes

A

called them out of shanghai

25
Q

how was Shanghai devastated?

A

after the GMD retreated, the victorious Japanese troops went on a rampage of rape, looting and murder

26
Q

what was the cost of the damage to Shanghai schools, houses, shops and factories?

A

around $1.5 billion

27
Q

what did the resulting (war in shanghai) armistice stipulated

A

that a neutral zone be drawn around the city

28
Q

why did Chiang adopt a position of appeasement?

A

he still did not thing that China was strong enough to defeat japan – he truly thought that Japan could not be resisted until the CCP had been eliminated.

29
Q

what did the Kwangtung army do in Rehe in 1933

A

claimed the area (neighbouring province to Manchuria)

30
Q

what did the Tanggu treaty do

A

recognised japanese control of Manchuria, Rehe and Hopei

Decks in The Making of Modern China 1860-1997 (Edexel A-level) Class (19):