The Hydrological/ Water Cycle

Question 1

What is the hydrological cycle?

Answer 1

It shows how water moves around in different parts and ways.

Question 2

Define infiltration

Answer 2

When water soaks into the soil from the surface

Question 3

Define percolation

Answer 3

When water moves vertically down through the rock and soil.

Question 4

Define Through flow

Answer 4

When water in the SOIL flows downhill

Question 5

Define Groundwater flow

Answer 5

When water in the ROCK flows downhill

Question 6

Define Surface Runoff

Answer 6

When water flows overground

Question 7

Define Channel Flow

Answer 7

It is the flow of water in a river

Question 8

Define precipitation

Answer 8

Different forms of water in the atmosphere. E.g. is rain, snow and hail

Question 9

Define surface storage

Answer 9

When water is stored on the surface is things like lakes, puddles and reservoirs. NOT RIVERS

Question 10

Define Channel storage

Answer 10

When water is held in a river

Question 11

Define groundwater storage/water table

Answer 11

When water is stored underground in soil and rock(aquifer)

Question 12

Define aquifer

Answer 12

An aquifer is a rock that stores water.

Question 13

Define interception (store)

Answer 13

When plants and objects prevent the water from reaching the ground.

Question 14

Define transpiration

Answer 14

The loss of water from plants

Question 15

Define evapotranspiration

Answer 15

It is the sum of water lost from plants and sum of evaporation from the land surface. It is both evaporation and transpiration happening together

Question 16

Another name for water table

Answer 16

Groundwater storage

Question 17

Define evaporation

Answer 17

Process of turning liquid into water vapor.

Question 18

Define Water discharge

Answer 18

the volume of water which flows through it in a given time. It is usually measured in cubic meters per second.

Question 19

Define stem flow

Answer 19

flow of intercepted water down the trunk or stem of a plant

Question 20

Define soil moisture

Answer 20

Water that is held within the soil around particles.

Question 21

Define condensation

Answer 21

Change of water from gas phase to liquid phase

Question 22

Explain a basic water cycle

Answer 22

1. ) Water evaporates from sea and through evaporation, transpiration and evapotranspiration
2. ) Water vapour moved inland by winds
3. ) The water vapour condenses to form clouds and then falls over land as precipitation
4. ) Water moves from one to another known as flows or transfers
5. ) Water is then held on land in stores
6. ) Water eventually ends up in the sea where it evaporates and goes round the cycle again.

Question 23

Define store

Answer 23

Ways water gets held

Question 24

Define transfer/flow

Answer 24

Water moving from one store/place to another

Question 25

Name types of stores

Answer 25

Channel store, Groundwater store, Interception store, surface storage.

Question 26

Name 6 types of flow/transfers

Answer 26

Infiltration, percolation, through flow, groundwater flow, surface runoff and channel flow

Question 27

Factors affecting the water cycle

Answer 27

. Precipitation:
  - Amount of rainfall
  - Type of precipitation such as rain or hail
. Interception
  - Deforestation
  - Amount of blockages, density of blockages and size of blockages
. Type of Rock
  - Porous
  - Non - Porous
. Temperature
  - Hot or cold
  -  High temperature can increase flooding due to more evaporation due to more clouds in atmosphere

Question 28

Define Water table

Answer 28

The level of water below where the rock is

Question 29

Define Porous Rock / permeable rock

Answer 29

Rocks that have holes in them and water can enter them.

Question 30

Define non - porus rock / impermeable rock

Answer 30

Rocks with no holes in them and water cannot enter them