The first peninsular kingdoms (unit 4) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in The first peninsular kingdoms (unit 4) Deck (35)
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1
Q

What did muslims collected in exchange of peace?

A

They collected taxes from Christians in exchange of peace.

2
Q

Who refused to pay taxes? What did the Muslims do?

A

Pelagius refused to pay, so Muslims fought against him in the battle of Covadonga (722) and Pelagius won.

3
Q

Who was the first king of Asturias?

A

Alfonso I was the first of Asturias (739-756)

4
Q

Who put the capital in Oviedo?

A

Alfonso II put the capital in Oviedo.

5
Q

What territories did Charlemagne want to conquer?

A

He wanted to conquer the territory between Pyrenees and Ebro River.

6
Q

What places did he (Charlemagne) finally conquer?

A

He conquered Jaca,Barcelona,Girona and Pamplona.

7
Q

What did the kings do to protect the territories they conquered?

A

To effectively occupy this areas, kings promoted the resettlement with peasants.

8
Q

In the 9th century, Alfonso III (866-910) conquered more places. Name some of them.

A

From Cordillera Cantábrica to River Duero, Porto, Astorga, León, Zamora…

9
Q

Who move the capital to León? And when? Why? How did they call it?

A

To control the territory king Ordoño II moved the capital to León in 914. This way people were more protected and the kingdom changed its name to the Kingdom Of León.

10
Q

How were the violent attacks called? Who commanded them?

A

The violent attacks were called RAIDS and they were commanded by AL-MANSUR.

11
Q

Because of the raids Christians decided to change the strategy? What did they do?

A

They preferred to defend the borders than attack.

12
Q

To defend Castile kings of León built castles and gave land to nobles. How did the call to Castile?

A

Land of Castles.

13
Q

Who declared himself independent from León? When? How did he call his kingdom?

A

In the 10th century, Fernán Gonzalez declared himself independent from León and he created the COUNT OF CASTILE

14
Q

When did Castile became a kingdom?

A

In the 10th century Castile became a kingdom with Ferdinand I

15
Q

KINGDOM OF PAMPLONA

What lands were occupied by Basques?

A

Arga and Aragón river was occupied.

16
Q

KINGDOM OF PAMPLONA

What did the arista family do?

A

They expelled the Franks from Pamplona and created the Independent Kingdom Of Pamplona.

17
Q

KINGDOM OF PAMPLONA

What did Pamplona do during the 10th century?

A

Pamplona conquered Álava, Rioja and the County of Aragón.

18
Q

ARAGÓN

When was the County of Aragón created?
Who created it?

A

the County of Aragón was created in the 9th century by Aznar Galíndez family.

19
Q

ARAGÓN

Who came together to create the kingdom of Aragón?
When?

A

In the 11th century, Aragón + Sobrarbe + Ribagorza united in 1 and they form the Kingdom of Aragón.

20
Q

CATALAN COUNTIES

What did Wilfred the Hairy do in the 9th Century?

A

He conquered other small counties.

21
Q

CATALAN COUNTIES

Who became independent from Franks and unified the counties?
When?

A

Borrel II.

In 987

22
Q

11th-12th Centuries——

A

PERIOD OF EXPANSION

23
Q

What happened in 1031?

A

Taifa kingdoms appeared and they payed tributes to christians in exchange of peace. Those tributes were called PARIAS.

24
Q

In the 12th century they stopped the expansion. Why?

A

Because of the arrival of Almohads and Almoravids

25
Q

-ALMORAVIDS:

A

In the 11th Century. They defeated Alfonso VI and controlled the taifas.

26
Q

-ALMOHADS:

A

In 12th Century. They incorporated the taifas into their African kingdom and finally they were defeated in las Navas the Tolosa 1212.

27
Q

Who united León+Castile?

A

Ferdinand I

28
Q

At the death of Ferdinand I León and Castile separated again and continued united/separated. How many years?

A

200 years.

29
Q

When were Castile and León definitely united?
Who united them?
How were known as?

A

In 1230 León and Castile were definitely united by Ferdinand III. These kingdoms were known as:
CROWN OF CASTILE

30
Q

Portugal was a __________ county of ____________. But in ______, count _____________________ proclaimed the independence.

A

Portugal was a DEPENDANT county of León. But in 1128, count ALFONSO HENRÍQUEZ proclaimed the independence.

31
Q

In 1137 there was a marriage between?

A

Petronilla (daughter of Ramiro II, king of Aragón) and Ramón Berenguer IV (count of Barcelona).

32
Q

How was the son of Petronilla and Ramon called?

He became the king of Aragón and Count of Barcelona and created?

A

Alfonso II became king of Aragón and Count of Barcelona and created the CROWN OF ARAGÓN.

33
Q

From what year to what year was Pamplona incorporated in Aragón?

A

From 1063 to 1134

34
Q

When did Pamplona separated again from Aragón?

A

In 1134.

35
Q

What happened in 1164?

A

Sancho VI the Wise changed the name to NAVARRE