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Biology GCSE > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sclera

A

Tough outer coat. Visible white part of the eye.

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2
Q

What is the choroid layer

A

Middle layer of eyeball. Deeply pigmented to absorb light and prevent internal reflection. Contains lots of blood vessels.

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3
Q

What is the retina

A

Innermost layer in eye. Contains many rods and cones + fibre nerves.

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4
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

Carries nerve impulses from the retina directly.

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5
Q

What is the fovea (yellow spot)

A

Part of the retina where cones are concentrated these enables us to see colours in bright light

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6
Q

What is the conjunctiva

A

Transparent layer the protects cornea

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7
Q

What is the cornea

A

Transparent window at front of eye. Allows light to pass through

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8
Q

What is the iris

A

Coloured ring of tissue behind cornea. Controls amount of light entering the eye by changing size of pupil.

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9
Q

What is the pupil

A

Hole in centre of iris - size is controlled by radial and circular muscles of iris

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10
Q

What is the ciliary body/ciliary muscle

A

Contains muscles which can contact or relax to change thickness of lens

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11
Q

What is the suspensory ligament

A

Hold lens in position

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12
Q

What is the lens

A

Clear part behind the iris that helps to focus light onto the retina. Helps to focus on far and close objects

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13
Q

The retina consists of _________ and _________

A

Rods and cones

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14
Q

________ see in dim light

A

Rods see in dim light

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15
Q

________ see in bright light

A

Cones

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16
Q

________ see black and white vision while _________ see colour

A

Rods Cones

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17
Q

_________ are found throughout the retina

A

Rods

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18
Q

___________ are concentrated in the yellow spot

A

Cones

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle around the iris

A

Circular and Radial

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20
Q

When the circular muscle contracts, the pupil gets _____________

A

Smaller

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21
Q

When the radial muscle contracts, the pupil gets ____________

A

Bigger

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22
Q

Name the stimulus that enters the eye and is detected by receptors

A

Light

23
Q

Which part of the eye contains receptors

A

Retina

24
Q

How do messages travel from receptors in the eye to the brain

A

By nerve impulses. Receptor —> Along a sensory neuron (optic nerve)

25
Q

Name 3 sense organs

A

Tongue, Nose, Ears

26
Q

The _________ consists of circular and radial muscles

A

Iris

27
Q

The __________ consists of millions of light sensitive cells

A

Retina

28
Q

The ____________ consists of many blood vessels

A

Choroid

29
Q

The _________ contains only cones

A

Yellow spot / Fovea

30
Q

The blind spot has no _________-sensitive cells

A

Light-sensitive cells

31
Q

The ligaments hold the _______

A

Lens

32
Q

The __________ allows light to enter the eye

A

Pupil

33
Q

The __________ bends the light rays

A

Cornea

34
Q

The lens can change __________

A

Shape

35
Q

The optic nerve sends messages to the __________

A

Brain

36
Q

The rods respond to _______ light

A

Dim light

37
Q

The cones respond to __________ light

A

Bright light

38
Q

In bright light the pupil becomes ___________

A

Smaller

39
Q

In bright light the __________ muscles relax and the ____________ muscles contract - thus the pupil becomes ___________

A

Radial

Relax

Circular

Contracts

Smaller

40
Q

If it is bright, then the pupil becoming smaller allows ________ light to fall on the ___________ at the back of the eye

A

Less Retina

41
Q

What is the job of the iris

A

Controls the amount of light that falls in the retina

42
Q

Flow diagram to summarise the stages in a spinal reflex

A

Stimulus —> receptor —> sensory neurone —> relay neuron —> motor neuron —> effector

43
Q

1

A

Suspensory Ligament

44
Q

2

A

Conjunctiva

45
Q

3

A

Iris

46
Q

4

A

Pupil

47
Q

5

A

Cornea

48
Q

6

A

Ciliary muscle

49
Q

7

A

Lens

50
Q

8

A

Retina

51
Q

9

A

Fovea

52
Q

10

A

Optic nerve

53
Q

A person moves from a dim room into bright sunshine. Describe the change in the appearence of their pupils.

A

Their pupils contract to allow less light into the eye

54
Q

In the dark you cannot see colours… Why?

A

Because in the dark our eyes only use rods which don’t see colours. Cones don’t respond to dim light therefore they aren’t used.

Biology GCSE (28 decks)

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