The Enlightenment (1700s) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in The Enlightenment (1700s) Deck (23)
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0
Q

Public Opinion

A

New social force created by expanding the literate public causing changes in the cultural and political climates.

1
Q

Print Culture

A

The culture that is transmitted through books, pamphlets, newspapers, journals

2
Q

Adam Smith

A
Wrote "Wealth of Nations" (1776) 
Law of supply and demand (invisible hand guided economy) 
Taxing foreign objects would fail 
Advocated laissez-faire economics
Rejected the mercantile system
3
Q

Beccaria

A

Wrote ‘On Crimes and Punishments’
Attacks torture and capital punishment.
Advocates speedy trials and fair punishment.

4
Q

Deism

A

The belief that regarded God as a ‘divine watchmaker’

Believed that entrance to heaven was granted based on merit.

5
Q

Enlightenment

A

Refers to an 17th century cultural movement which argued that society and its laws should be based on human reason instead of custom or tradition

6
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Author of Leviathan
Asserted that self interest motivated nearly all human behavior
Concluded that the natural state of man was one of war
Claimed that government required absolute power for peace which could be acquired through a sacred covenant with the people

7
Q

John Locke

A

Parliamentarian
Wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Humans are born tabula rasa (blank slate) which contradicted Christian notion that’s humans were born corrupt and sinful
Wrote Second Treatise which emphasizes private property

8
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Published The Vindication of the Rights of Women
Argued that reason was the basis of moral behavior in all humans
Challenged men to acknowledge equality and human rights of all men and women

9
Q

Royalists

A

Supported the traditional power and privilege of the aristocracy and the King

10
Q

Parliamentarians

A

Were seeking to limit the power and privilege of the aristocracy and King

11
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

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Spirit of the Laws (1748): stresses importance of the rule of law and made a system of a divided government for checks and balances

12
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Claimed that the only role of government was to guarantee citizens unalienable rights to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

13
Q

Philosophe

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A new breed of philosopher dedicated to educating broader public

14
Q

Enlightened Despotism

A

Absolute rulers that would use their power to reform and rationalize society

15
Q

Frederick II of Prussia

A

Enlightened despot
Abolished serfdom
Religious tolerance
Remained militaristic under absolutist regime

16
Q

Joseph II of Austria

A

Enlightened despot
Tolerance for Lutherans and Calvinists
Abolished serfdom
Liberalized rules for governing press

17
Q

Salons in Paris

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Rooms where men and women gathered to educate themselves about and discuss the new ideas of the age on privacy and safety.

18
Q

David Hume

A

Rejected Christianity
Argued that miracles contradicted human reason
Claimed that religion was based on hope and fear

19
Q

Newtonian Analysis

A
  1. Setting up experiments and drawing conclusions

2. Resolving math problems by reducing them to equations

20
Q

Descartes philosophy

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Characterized by intelligibility

21
Q

Rococo

A

Artistic style of the 18th century

22
Q

Encyclopedia

1751-1772

A

Diderot and D’alembert

Wanted to contribute to progress of human knowledge