The Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
Most important functions of the circulatory system
A
- Transport O2 + nutrients to all body cells
- Transport O2 + waste away from cells
- Transport hormones to cells
- Maintain PH levels in tissue fluid (acidic)
- Distribute heat to maintain body temp
- Maintain water content and ion concentration in body fluid
- protection against disease causing micro-organisms
- Clotting to prevent blood loss
2
Q
Features of blood
A
- Temp: 38 degrees Celsius
- PH: 7.35 - 7.45
- Salinity: 0.9%
- Total body weight: 8%
Volume: - Males: 5 - 6L
- Woman: 4 -5L
3
Q
Transport of O2
A
- 3% transported in plasma
- 97% is combined with haemoglobin to become oxyhaemoglobin
4
Q
Equation for transport of O2
A
Haemoglobin (Hb) + Oxygen (O2) Oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2)
5
Q
Blood Plasma
A
- Plasma is a clear, pale yellow liquid which comprises of 46 - 63% of the whole blood
Consists of: - Water
- Dissolved organic and inorganic solutes (Na and Cl ions, waste)
- Dissolved plasma proteins
6
Q
Transport of CO2
A
- 8% dissolved in plasma
- 22% combined with the globin part of haemoglobin molecules
- 70% carried as bicarbonate ion
7
Q
Equation for transport of CO2
A
CO2 + H2O Carbonic acid Hydrogen ion + Bicarbonate ion
8
Q
White blood cells
A
Leukocyte (granular and agranular)
9
Q
Red blood cells
A
Erythrocytes
10
Q
4 chambers of the heart
A
- Two thin-walled atria on top
- Two thick-walled ventricles underneath.
11
Q
Atria
A
- receives blood
12
Q
Ventricles
A
Pumps blood
13
Q
Veins
A
Carry blood into the atria
14
Q
Arteries
A
Carry blood away from the ventricles
15
Q
Atrioventricular valves
A
Prevent back-flow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
- Left valve has 2 flaps and is called the bicuspid valve
- Right valve has 3 flaps and is called the tricuspid valve
- Held in place by valve tendons that are attached to papillary muscles
