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A&P 1 > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum

A

Posterior to the brain stem “little brain”

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2
Q

Diencephalon

A

Superior to the Brain stem; consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the epithalamus

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3
Q

Cerebrum

A

Superior to the brain stem diencephelon. It is the largest part of the brain

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4
Q

Protective coverings of the brain

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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5
Q

Dura mater

A

Most superficial meninge (protects the brain)

Thin layers within the dura mater: falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, and tentorium cerebelli

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6
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer of the meninges. Contains arachnoid villi. Separated by subdural space

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7
Q

Pia mater

A

Deepest and thinnest layer attached directly to the brain. Covers every fold of the brain and supports blood vessels

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8
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Pia mater is separated from the arachnoid mater by subarachnoid space. Usually filled with cerebral spinal fluid.

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9
Q

Brain stem

A

Continuous with the spinal cord; consists of the ,emulate oblongata, pons, and midbrain

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10
Q

Meningeal spaces

A

Epidural space- potential space between the skull and the dura. Only in the spinal cord
Subdural space- real space between the dura and arachnoid. Contains small bridging veins
Subarachnoid space- real space between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

Arterial brain flow (anterior)

A

Anterior: (provides the cerebrum with blood)common carotid arteries–>internal carotid arteries–>base of skull–> cranium–> branch to anterior and middle cerebral arteries

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12
Q

Arterial Brain blood flow (posterior)

A

Posterior: (provides the brain stem with blood) subclavian arteries–> vertebral arteries–> transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae–> foremen magnum. Joins at the junction of pons and medulla–> basilar artery–> pontine branches. Posterior cerebral arteries–> anterior inferior cerebellar and superior cerebellar arteries. Vertebral artery–> posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

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13
Q

Venous blood flow

A

Brain sinuses- venous channels that are found between layers of dura mater.
Veins of brain–> sinuses–> internal jugular vein–> brachiocephalic vein–> superior vena cava–> right atrium

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14
Q

Blood- brain barrier

A

Protects brain cells from harmful substances and pathogens. It does this by acting as a selective barrier to prevent passage of many substances from the blood to the brain.
Found around brain capillaries

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15
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Clear, liquid (similar to blood plasma)
Protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries.
Carries O2, glucose

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16
Q

Ventricles and where they are located

A

Lateral ventricles: (2). One located in each cerebral hemisphere
Third Ventricle: located in the middle of the diencephelon
Fourth Ventricle: located between the Bain stem and cerebellum.

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17
Q

Brain stem

A

Located between the spinal cord and diencephelon

Consists of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

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18
Q

Medulla oblongata

A 
Most inferior brain stem part
Contains sensory (ascending) tracts and motor (descending) tracts carrying information to and from the spinal cord.
19
Q

Cardiovascular center

A

Part of the medulla oblongata

Regulates heartbeat, blood vessel diameter and blood pressure

20
Q

Medullary rythmicity

A 
Part of the medulla oblongata 
Regulates breathing (with pons)
21
Q

Reticular foremen

A

Found in medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain and diencephelon

Function: consciousness and arousal

22
Q

Pons

A

Middle of the brain stem. Located between the medulla oblongata and midbrain.
Contains sensory and motor tracts relaying information to and from the medulla oblongata, cerebellum and higher brain centers

23
Q

Midbrain

A

Uppermost part of the bainstem. Connects to the diencephelon
Contains sensory and motor tracts

24
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

Motor tracts enter the midbrain from higher brain centers via the cerebral peduncles

25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Contains over half the neurons of your brain. Communicates with the brainstem, higher brain centers and spinal cord via cerebellar peduncles.
Functions: smooths and coordinates skeletal muscle contractions, regulates posture and balance, plays a role in language processing

26
Q

Folia

A

Outer gray matter of the brain is organized into folia

27
Q

Arbor vitae

A

Inner white matter is organized into arbor vitae

28
Q

Diencephelon

A

Extends from brainstem to cerebrum
Surrounds the 3rd ventricle
Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

29
Q

Vermis

A

Part of the cerebellum

Connects the 2 lobes of the brain

30
Q

Thalamus

A

Located superior to midbrain

Functions: plays a role in maintenance of consciousness, relays almost all sensory input to cerebral cortex

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Located inferior to the thalamus
Controls and integrates ANS activities
Produces hormones
Regulates emotional and behavioral patterns

32
Q

Epithalamus

A

Lies superior and posterior to the thalamus

Contains the pineal gland

33
Q

Pineal gland

A

Part of the epithalamus

Secretes melatonin to influence diurnal cycles (with the hypothalamus)

34
Q

Cerebrum

A

Composed of two cerebral hemispheres separated by a longitudinal fissure

35
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Both hemispheres of the brain are connected internally with the corpus callosum

36
Q

Lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital (all can be seen externally)

37
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The outer layer of the cerebrum

Organized into gyri, sulcus and fissures

38
Q

Gyri

A

Part of the cerebral cortex.
They are a coil/twist(may be a multiple)
Includes: precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

39
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves in the cerebrum

Includes: central sulcus and later al cerebral sulcus

40
Q

Fissures

A

Deep grooves in the cerebrum.

Includes: longitudinal fissure and transverse fissure

41
Q

White matter of the cerebral cortex

A

Located underneath the cerebral cortex

Connect parts of the brain with itself and other parts of the nervous system

42
Q

White matter fibers

A

Association fibers: connect and transmit nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere
Commussural fibers: connect gyri in one vertebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the opposite hemisphere
Projection fibers: from ascending and descending tract that transmit impulses from the cerebrum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord.

43
Q

Basal ganglia

A

3 large nuclei located deep within the white matter of each cerebral hemisphere
Functions: help initiate and terminate body movements
Suppress unwanted movements and regulate muscle tone

A&P 1 (10 decks)

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