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Flashcards in The autonomic NS Deck (28)
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1
Q

what is the autonomic NS divided into

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

2
Q

how do the parasympathetic and sympthatic pass through the ganglia

A

para: pass through ganglia close to target organ
symp: pass through ganglia soon after spinal cord

3
Q

what are the terminating transmitters for the parasymp and symp

A

para: acetylcholine
symp: norepinphrine

4
Q

what is the main similiary btwn the para and symp system

A

use nicotinic cholinergic receptor at neuromuscular junction

5
Q

what happens to the pupil in the parasymp response? symp?

A

para: pupil constricts
symp: pupil dilates

6
Q

what are the 2 main types of receptors found in the ans

A

ionotropic: ion channels
metabotropic: GPCRs=> lead to a second messenger production

7
Q

what are the 2 different families of receptors in the ANS

A

adrenergic recptors: all metabotropic (alpha1,2; beta1,2,3)

cholinergic receptors:

  • nicotinic: ionotropic
  • muscarinic: metabotropic
8
Q

what are the endogenous ligans

A

ephinephrine and norepinephrine

9
Q

what R group do norep, ephin, and Isoproterenol have

A

NE=H
Epi=Ch3
ISO=isopropyl group (CH(CH3)2)

10
Q

what is the main difference of Epi and NE

A

NE has a very low potency while Epi has a high potentcy of the beta2 receptor (relaxatin of bronchial smooth muscle)

NE=safe to cause heart constriction w/o relaxation of the lungs

11
Q

what is the antagonist of the beta2-receptor (relaxation of bronchia smooth muscle) and the beta 1-receptor (contraction of heart)

A

propranololol (beta antagonist-non selective)

12
Q

what kind of shift determines if a drug is an antagonist

A

right shift

13
Q

what do alpha-adrenergic receptors do

A

vasoconstriction of coronoary arteries

vasoconstriction of veins

14
Q

what are alpha1 specific effects:

what are alpha2 specific effects:

A

alpha1: smooth muscle contraction
- stimulation = mydriasis
alpha2: inhibition of insulin release, contraction of sphincters, thrombocyte aggregation, negative feedback in neuronal synapses

15
Q

what are beta 1 receptor effects
beta 2?
beta 3?

A

beta 1: inc cardiac output (inc HR), inc blood pressure
-inc contraction
-inc renin
beta 2: smooth muscle relaxation (mainly lungs)
-dilate arteries
-decrease histamine release from mast cells
-inc renin
beta3: enhancement of lipolysis in brown adipose tissue

16
Q

what is the difference btwn clonidine and brimonidine

A

clonidine=does not vasoconstrict

brimonidine: casues vasoconstriction

17
Q

what are the alpha2 selective adrenergic agonists

what are they used for

A

clonidine (doesnt vasocontrcit)
brimonidine (vasoconstricts)
-used in cardiovascular conditions to decrease BP and HR

18
Q

what is isoproterenol selective for

what does it do

A

beta selective

increase bp and hr

19
Q

what is NE and Epi seletive for

A

non-selective

NE is practically nonfunctional at beta2, only Epi

20
Q

what is tetrahydrolozine selective for

what does it do

A

alpha agonist

constrict bv to reduce red eye

21
Q

what are the alpha 1 agonists

what do they do

A

phenylephrine/pseudoephedrine

decongestant, contracts bv in nose when congested

22
Q

what is albuterol selective for

what is it used for

A

beta 2 agonist
bronchodilation
asthma and covd

23
Q

what is imipramine used for

what is the drug class

A

adrenergic reuptake inhibitor
anti-depressent
blocks reuptake transporter on pre synaptic cell to prevent NE from being taken from pre-synaptic space

24
Q
what is the drug class of prazosin 
what is it selective for
what does it do
A

alpha adrenergic agonist
alpha 1 selective
used to treat hypertension, contracts veins and arteries

25
Q
what is the drug class of labetalol
what is it selective for
what does it do
A

beta-adrenergic antagonist
non-selective
blocks alpha1 receptor
used to lower bp during pregnancy

26
Q
what is the drug class of propranolol 
what is it selective for 
what does it do
A

beta-adrenergic antagonist
non-selective
contracts bronchia smooth muscle, relaxes heart
treats hypertenstion, tremor, repeated heart attack

27
Q
what is the class of physostigmine 
what is its receptor 
what does it do 
what does it treat
A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • ach agonist (reversible)
  • increase conc of natural ach by inhibiting mech only where ach is released
  • ach issues
28
Q
what is the class of donepezil 
what is its receptor
what does it do
what does it treat
A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • ach agonist
  • alzheimer’s