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Flashcards in The Abdominal Wall Deck (33)
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1
Q

surface anatomy of abdomen:

umbilicus

A

in physically fit humans, this lies in b/n bony levels L3 & L4, at the approximate midpoint b/n the xiphoid process & the pubic symphysis

2
Q

surface anatomy of the abdomen:

pubic symphysis

A

occurs in a median plane, & is easily palpated

3
Q

surface anatomy of the abdomen:

linea alba

A

aka white line, occurs in a median plane on the anterior abdominal surface, & divides the body into halves

a fibrous structure formed by the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles

4
Q

surface anatomy of the abdomen:

linea semilunaris

A

runs from the pubic tubercle up towards the 9th costal cartilage, & marks the lateral edge of rectus abdominis

5
Q

surface anatomy of the abdomen:

inguinal ligament

A

stretches from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

6
Q

fascias of the anterior abdomen wall

A

can be examined once skin is removed

divided into two layers: superficial & deep

7
Q

superficial fascia of the anterior abdomen wall: further divided into two layers

A

fatty - camper’s fascia

membraneous - scarpa’s fascia

8
Q

deep fascia of the anterior abdomen wall

A

investing fascia on the muscle

9
Q

internal abdominal oblique:

arises from the ___

the lower fibers arch over the ___ & then descends behind it to insert on the ___ & ___

A

thoraco-lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, & from the lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament

spermatic cord (round ligament), pubic crest, pectineal line

10
Q

internal abdominal oblique:

the fibers join with the lower part of the transverse abdominal oblique to form the ___

this is deep to the ___

A

conjoint tendons

reflected ligament

11
Q

internal abdominal oblique:

a bundle of fibers from the internal oblique joins the spermatic cord & forms the ___ covering of the cord & the testis

A

cremaster muscle & fascia

12
Q

transversus abdominal muscle:

occupies the same territory deep to the ___

arises from the entire ___ (___, ___, & ___)

inserts on the ___

A

internal oblique muscle

costal arch (thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the inner lip of the iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament)

linea alba

13
Q

transversus abdominal muscle:

the lower fibers of this muscle are fused w/ the internal abdominal oblique muscle to form the ___

A

conjoint tendon

14
Q

rectus abdominus muscle:

revealed if a longitudinal cut is made through the ___ about 2 inches from the ___

stretches from the ___ to the ___

A

aponeurotic tendons
midline

pubic symphysis
costal arch

15
Q

rectus abdominus muscle:
tendinous intersections:

___ bands running ___

located in the following sites:

  • ___
  • inferior end of the ___
  • equidistant from ___ & ___
  • b/n ___ & ___
A

fibrous
horizontally across the muscle which divides the muscle into sections

  • umbilicus
  • xiphoid process
  • umbilicus & xiphoid process
  • umbilicus & pubis
16
Q

rectus abdominus muscle:

the lateral border of the rectus muscle demarcates the ___

enclosed in a sheath formed by the ___ of the external, internal, & transverse abdominal oblique muscles, called the ___

A

linea semilunaris

aponeurosis

rectus sheath

17
Q

rectus sheath:

the external abdominal oblique forms the ___ wall over the entire length of the ___

A

anterior

rectus abdominis

18
Q

rectus sheath:

the internal oblique aponeurosis splits at the lateral edge of the rectus muscle & one lamina fuses w/ the ___ to form the ___

the second lamina of the internal oblique aponeurosis fuses w/ the ___ to form the ___

the aponeurosis of the three muscles insert into the ___

A

external oblique
anterior wall of the rectus sheath

transversus abdominis
posterior sheath of the rectus muscle

linea alba

19
Q

rectus sheath:

at a point located approximately halfway b/n the ___ & ___, both layers of the internal oblique aponeurosis are found on the anterior surface of the rectus muscle

at this same point, the ___ also courses anterior to the rectus abdominis

the anterior wall of the rectus sheath is thus complete

the posterior wall is complete only to the point 1/2 way b/n the ___ & ___ & it’s ___ below this line

A

umbilicus
pubic crest

transversus abdominis muscle

umbilicus
pubic crest
absent

20
Q

rectus abdominus muscle:

if the rectus abdominus is lifted out of its sheath, the posterior wall of this covering can be seen to vary in ___ in different areas

this difference is due to the manner of formation of the rectus sheath by the ___

A

thickness

tendons of the external, internal, & transversus abdominis muscles

21
Q

rectus sheath:
arcuate line:

the point at which ___, ___, & ___ go ___ to the rectus abdominis

a ___ line that demarcates the lower limit of the ___ layer of the rectus sheath

where the ___ vessels perforate the rectus abdominus

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus
anterior

horizontal
posterior

inferior epigastric

22
Q

rectus sheath:

superior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique aponeurosis splits to envelope the ___

inferior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique & trasnversus abdominis aponeuroses merge & pass ___

inferior to the arcuate line, all three muscle (external oblique, internal oblique, trasnversus) aponeuroses make up the ___ that’s now only ___ to the rectus abdominis

therefore, inferior to the arcuate line, the rectus abdominis rests directly on the ___

A

rectus abdominis muscle

superficial to the rectus muscle

rectus sheath
anterior

transversalis fascia

23
Q

pyramidalis muscle:

a ___, ___, & ___ muscle

fibers run from the ___ to the ___

situated in the ___ anterior to the ___

tightens the ___

A

small
traingular
inconsistent (absent in 20% of humans)

pubic crest, linea alba

rectus sheath
rectus abdominis muscle

linea alba

24
Q

transversalis fascia:

a thin aponeurotic membrane which lies b/n the ___ & the ___

___ is formed within the transversalis fascia

A

inner surface of the transversus
extraperitoneal fat

deep inguinal ring

25
Q

transversalis fascia:

a thin aponeurotic membrane which lies b/n the ___ & the ___

___ is formed within the transversalis fascia

A

inner surface of the transversus, extraperitoneal fat

deep inguinal ring

26
Q

functions of the abdominal muscles (3)

A

flex the trunk

increase intra-abdominal pressure & facilitate defecation, urination, parturition

stabilize the pelvis on the trunk during normal walking

27
Q

nerves innervating the abdominal body wall (4)

A

ventral primary rami
iliohypogastric nerve
illioinguinal nerves
subcostal nerve

28
Q

external abdominal oblique muscle:

arises from the ___ to the ___ ribs

inserts by a fleshy attachment to the ___

inserts by ___ to the ___

muscular portion occupies the ___ area only

A

5th - 12th

iliac crest

aponeurosis
linea alba

lateral

29
Q

external abdominal oblique muscle:

anterior portion is made up of a large ___

fibers of this from both sides of the body interdigitate w/ one another at the ___

A

tendinous aponeurosis

linea alba

30
Q

external abdominal oblique muscle:

turns in the area b/n the ___ & the ___ to form the ___ & stretches between these two structures

A

anterior superior iliac spine
pubic tubercle
inguinal ligament

31
Q

external abdominal oblique muscle:

from the pubic tubercle, an extension of the inguinal ligament sweeps posteriorly & laterally along the ___ (a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone) to form the ___ & ___

the ___ extends from the pubic tubercle towards the linea alba

this ligament courses superiorly & medially, deep to the fibers of the external oblique muscle, & interlocks w/ ___ from the opposite side of the body

A

pectineal line
lacunar ligament
pectineal ligaments

reflected ligament

reflected ligament

32
Q

external abdominal oblique muscle:

the opening in the aponeurotic tendon of the external oblique muscle is the ___

this is located above & lateral to the ___

the edges are reinforced by fibers termed:

  • ___ which are located on either side
  • ___ located superiorly

inferiorly, this is the ___ & the ___ part of the inguinal ligament

it is the opening of the ___

A

superficial inguinal ring

pubic tubercle

  • medial & lateral crura
  • intercrurial fibers

pubic tubercle
reflected

inguinal canal

33
Q

external abdominal oblique muscle:

an extension of the aponeurosis forms a covering of the spermatic cord & testes called the ___

A

external spermatic fascia

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