Textbook Terms Chapters 15 (did not get to in class) Flashcards

1
Q

__________ - A method of predicting violent behavior that systematically combines relevant risk factors (typically using a statistical equation) to calculate an estimate of the probability of violent behavior in the future.

A

actuarial prediction

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2
Q

__________ - A personality disorder involving a pattern of disregard for the rights of others and the ability to commit illegal acts without any subsequent feelings of remorse.

A

antisocial personality disorder

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3
Q

antisocial personality disorder - A personality disorder involving a pattern of disregard for the rights of others and the ability to commit illegal acts without any subsequent feelings of __________ .

A

remorse

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4
Q

__________ -The frequency with which an event occurs in a given population.

A

base rate

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5
Q

__________ - The rate at which offenders in general reoffend. It is substantially lower than what most laypeople and mental health professionals believe.

A

base rate of reoffense

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6
Q

__________ - A law mandating that the personal and private information of known sex offenders be readily available to the public and to the communities in which the offenders reside.

A

community notification law

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7
Q

__________ - Policies that appear to do something about crime but in fact are ineffective, have little to no empirical support, and have unintended negative consequences.

A

criminal justice theater

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8
Q

__________ - A standard for involuntary civil commitment: If a person has threatened to inflict severe bodily harm on himself or herself or on other people, and the threat is deemed a real possibility, then the person may be involuntarily committed.

A

danger to self or others

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9
Q

__________ - A movement beginning in the twentieth century calling for reintegrating mentally ill patients into mainstream society. The idea was to transition away from isolating the mentally ill in hospitals and to release them into the community where mental health services would be provided.

A

deinstitutionalization

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10
Q

__________ - The prosecution of a defendant for a crime for which the defendant has already been tried.

A

double jeopardy

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11
Q

__________ - A duty enunciated by the California supreme court in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1976): Psychotherapists have a duty to take “reasonable care” to protect their clients’ identifiable potential victims, such as by notifying the police and/ or the potential victim.

A

duty to protect

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12
Q

__________ - Describes a law making an act illegal or changing the penalty for an offense after the act or offense was committed; such laws are prohibited by the Constitution.

A

ex post facto (“ after the fact”)

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13
Q

__________ - An inaccurate prediction that something will not occur, such as when a person is predicted to not become violent but then does become violent.

A

false negative

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14
Q

__________ - An inaccurate prediction that something will occur, such as when a person is predicted to become violent but then does not become violent.

A

false positive

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15
Q

__________ - A standard used in some states for death penalty decision making: determining whether the defendant is likely to commit criminal acts of violence that would constitute a continuing threat to society.

A

future dangerousness standard

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16
Q

__________ - The extent to which assessment instruments perform outside the original population and outcome on which they were created. In other words, how well the results of a test can be applied to the larger population.

A

generalizability

17
Q

__________ - Unable to care for oneself or to provide for basic needs such as food and shelter.

A

gravely disabled

18
Q

__________ - A structured professional judgment instrument that helps mental health clinicians estimate a person’s probability of being violent; based on 20 historical, clinical, and risk-management factors.

A

Historical Clinical Risk Management Scheme-20 (HCR-20)

19
Q

__________ - Describes risk assessment methods that focus on specific individual characteristics, rather than group attributes, and rely on intuitive, descriptive, and nonmathematical information to form an opinion.

A

idiographic, qualitative approach

20
Q

__________ - The inability to exert control over one’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.

A

impulsivity

21
Q

__________ - The decision to place someone in a psychiatric facility for treatment against his or her will.

A

involuntary civil commitment

22
Q

__________ - The inability of some psychiatric patients to benefit from treatment.

A

lack of responsiveness to treatment

23
Q

__________ - A 1996 community notification law, requiring states to make personal and private information about known sex offenders available to the public.

A

Megan’s law

24
Q

__________ - Describes risk assessment methods that focus on group characteristics, rather than on the characteristics of a specific individual, and rely on systematic, statistical means to form an opinion about an individual; conclusions are based on characteristics identified in research on large groups of people and then applied to the specific individual.

A

nomothetic, quantitative approach

25
Q

__________ - The state’s duty to protect and treat those citizens who cannot care for themselves.

A

parens patriae power (“ parent of the country” power)

26
Q

__________ - The state’s authority to protect its citizens from dangerous individuals.

A

police power

27
Q

__________ - Holding someone in jail or in a hospital because he or she might become violent.

A

preventive detention

28
Q

__________ - A dynamic risk factor in predicting violent behavior. Sometimes it is active (i.e., readily apparent in a person’s thoughts and behavior) and other times it is dormant.

A

psychiatric symptomatology

29
Q

__________ - A distinctive, extreme form of antisocial disorder characterized by a lack of empathy for others and a lack of remorse for cruel or violent behavior.

A

psychopathy

30
Q

__________ - Laws allowing for the civil confinement of individuals who are soon to be released from prison and are found likely to commit future acts of sexual violence.

A

sexually violent predator civil commitment laws (SVP laws)

31
Q

__________ - A risk assessment instrument designed to predict sexual reoffenses.

A

Sexual Offending Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG)

32
Q

__________ - Risk assessment instruments that are designed to combine the accuracy of actuarial methods with the flexibility of clinical decision making.

A

structured professional judgment instruments

33
Q

__________ - Ensuring that individuals are not subjected to arbitrary or unreasonable deprivation of their freedom and that their fundamental constitutional rights are not violated; violation of substantive due process is prohibited by the Constitution.

A

substantive due process

34
Q

__________ - Beliefs— common in schizophrenics— that other people or forces are controlling one’s thoughts or implanting thoughts in one’s mind; a type of dynamic risk factor used in predicting violent behavior.

A

threat/ control-override symptoms (TCO symptoms)

35
Q

__________ - An accurate prediction that something will not occur, such as when a person is predicted to not become violent and the person indeed does not become violent.

A

true negative

36
Q

__________ - An accurate prediction that something will occur, such as when a person is predicted to become violent and then does become violent.

A

true positive

37
Q

__________ - Clinical or experienced-based approaches to prediction of risk in which no rules specify how a clinician should collect and combine information.

A

unstructured clinical judgment

38
Q

__________ - An actuarial risk assessment instrument constructed to improve predictive accuracy. It was developed on a mentally ill Canadian criminal population to predict recidivism.

A

Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG)