Textbook (Emilio's Quizzes)

Question 1

The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 repealed the Civil Aeronautics Act and created what?

Answer 1

The Federal Aviation Agency

Question 2

What year was the Federal Aviation Agency brought into the Department of Transportation to be renamed? What was it renamed to?

Answer 2

1967

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Question 3

What is the responsibility of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) what what are it’s primary regulatory tool?

Answer 3

The FAA is responsible for regulating and promoting civil aviation in the United States and it’s primary regulatory tools are the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs).

Question 4

What is FAR Part 21?

Answer 4

Certification Procedures for Products and Parts

FAR Part 21 lists the requirements for establishing and maintaining the certification of aircraft and components.

Question 5

When an aircraft is manufactured, an inspector determines if it conforms to the model’s what?

Answer 5

Type Certification

Question 6

What is a Type Certification?

Answer 6

Certificate that list all pertinent information on an aircraft or accessory design.

Question 7

When an aircraft is in conformity and meets the standard for service, what is it issued?

Answer 7

Airworthiness Certification.

Question 8

What is FAR Part 23?

Answer 8

Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes.

FAR Part 23 describes in detail the performance characteristics various aircraft must demonstrate to be airworthy. It specifies requirements for every component and system installed on an aircraft, often down to the smallest detail.

Question 9

What is FAR Part 39?

Answer 9

Airworthiness Directives

Question 10

What is a Airworthiness Directives?

Answer 10

When an unsafe condition exists with an aircraft engine, propeller, or accessory, the FAA issues an Airworthiness Directives (AD) to notify and to describe the appropriate corrective action.

Question 11

What is FAR Part 43?

Answer 11

Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding and Alterations.

Part 43 outlines the fundamental standards for aircraft inspection, maintenance, and repair, as well as all record keeping requirements.

Question 12

What is FAR Part 65?

Answer 12

Certification: Airmen other than Flight Crewmembers

Part 65 discusses the certification requirements as well as the privileges and limitations for aviation technicians.

Question 13

What is FAR Part 91?

Answer 13

General Operating and Flight Rules

FAR Part 91 Subpart E contains the regulations governing the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration of U.S registered aircraft. Unlike Part 43, Subpart E of part 91 outlines the inspection that must be performed on all aircraft.

Question 14

An operation that restores an item to a condition of practical operation or to original condition is called what?

Answer 14

Repair

Question 15

Any change in the configuation or design of an aircraft is called what?

Answer 15

Alteration

Question 16

A operation that might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or other airworthiness factors is called what?

Answer 16

Major Repair

Question 17

An alteration not listed is the product’s specification and that might affect the product’s performance in a similar fashion to a major repair is called what?

Answer 17

Major Alteration

Question 18

A list of examples for major repairs and alteration, engines, propellers, and appliances can be found where?

Answer 18

Appendix A of FAR Part 43

Question 19

A complete listing of those items that are classified as preventive maintenance can be found where?

Answer 19

Appendix A of FAR Part 43

Question 20

A listing of performance criteria for performance inspections and inspection check-lists can be found where?

Answer 20

FAR 43 Appendix D

Question 21

Annusl inspections are based on what?

Answer 21

12 calender months

Question 22

Who is authorized to do an annual inspection?

Answer 22

An Inspecion Authorization (IA)

Question 23

Who is able to perform an 100 hour inspection?

Answer 23

A&P Technician

or

Inspection Authorization (IA)

Question 24

What is the exception for an airplane for fly after it is due for it’s 100 hour inspection?

Answer 24

A maximum of 10 hours is given after the 100 hours to permit the aircraft to fly to a place where the inspection can be accomplished.

Question 25

What is a Type Certification Data Sheet?

Answer 25

A data sheet that contains the informaion necessary for the proper maintenance and inspection of an aircraft or its associated equipment. Information contained in a TCDS is considered approved data for use on a 337 Form.

Question 26

Information regarding minumum fuel grade for the approved engine and control surface movements in degrees can be found where?

Answer 26

Type Certification Data Sheet (TCDS)

Question 27

A Federal Aviation Administrator or any person to whom he has delegated his authority in a matter concerned is called what?

Answer 27

Administrator

Question 28

A device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air is called what?

Answer 28

Aircraft

Question 29

The fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil surfaces (including rotors but not excluding propellers and rotating airfoils of engines), and landing gear of an aircraft and their accessories and controls is together called what?

Answer 29

Airframe

Question 30

An engine-driven fixed-wixed aircraft heavier than air, that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against the wing is caled what?

Answer 30

Airplane

Question 31

Any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, or accessory, including communications equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, is installed in or attached to the aircraft, and is not part of an airframe, engine or propeller is called what?

Answer 31

Appliance

Question 32

Unless used with reference to another person, what meas approved by the FAA or any person to whom the FAA has delegated its authority in the matter concerned, or approved under under the provision of a bilateral agreement between the United States and a foreign country or jurisdiction.

Answer 32

Approved

Question 33

An aircraft other than a public aircraft is called what?

Answer 33

Civil Aircraft

Question 34

A person assigned to perform duty in an aircraft during flight time is called what?

Answer 34

Crewmember

Question 35

1) Pilot time that commences when an aircraft moves under its own power for the purpose of flight and ends when the aircraft comes to rest after landing; or
2) For a glider without self-launch capability, pilot time that commences when the glider is towed for the purpose of flight and ends when the glider comes to a rest after landing.

What is this called?

Answer 35

Flight Time

Question 36

Inspection, overhaul, repair, preservation, and the replacement of parts, but excludes preventive maintenance is called what?

Answer 36

Maintenence

Question 37

Simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operations is called what?

Answer 37

Preventive Maintenance

Question 38

With respect to maintenance time records, this means the time from the moment an aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it touches it at the next point of landing. What is this called?

Answer 38

Time in Service

Question 39

Manufacturer’s maintenance manual information is considered what type of information by the FAA?

Answer 39

Approved Data

Question 40

What type of information and drawings does overhaul manuals contain?

Answer 40

Information on the repair and rebuilding of components that can be removed from an aircraft.

These manuals contain muliple illustrations showing how individual components are assembled as well as list individual part numbers.

Question 41

What type of information and drawings does illustrated parts catalog contain? Is it approved data?

Answer 41

Parts catalog show the location and part numbers of items installed on an aircraft. They contain detailed exploded view of all areas of an aircraft to assist the technician in locating parts.

They are not considered acceptable data for maintenance and repair by the FAA

Question 42

What type of information and drawings does wiring manuals contain?

Answer 42

Aircraft electrical system and their components are illustrated in individual wiring manuals. Wiring manuals contain schematic diagrams to aid in electrical system troubleshooting.

Question 43

What type of information and drawings does structural repair manuals contain? Is it approved data?

Answer 43

For repair of serious damage, structural repair manual are used. These manuals contain detailed information for repair of an aircraft’s primary and secondary structure.

The repairs described in the structual repair manual are developed by the manufactuer’s engineering staff and are usually considered approved data by the FAA.

Question 44

What FAA publication is used to notify aircraft owners of unsafe conditions?

Answer 44

Airworthiness Directives

Question 45

How often are Airworthiness Directives issued by the FAA?

Answer 45

On a biweekly schedule.

Question 46

According to FAR 91.417, who is primarily responsible for maintaining an aircraft’s required maintenance records?

Answer 46

The aircraft’s owner

Question 47

As a aircraft technician, any work you do on a aircraft needs to be what?

Answer 47

Documented

Question 48

Major repairs and alterations to aircraft are recorded on what type of form?

Answer 48

FAA form 337

Question 49

A copy of a completed FAA Form 337 must be provided to the local FAA office within______hours after approval for return to service.

Answer 49

48

Question 50

What can an A&P mechanic do as a mechanic?

Name 5 things

Answer 50

1) Minor repair and alterations

• Airframe
• powerplants
• Propellers
• Components

2) Approve minor repair and alterations for return to service
3) Major repair and alterations

• Airframe
• Powerplants
• Components

4) Perform 100 hour inspection

• Airframe
• Powerplants
• Propellers
• Accessories
• Instruments

5) Approve 100 hour inspection for return to service

Question 51

What can an A&P mechanic NOT do as a mechanic?

Name 5 things

Answer 51

1) Cannot do Major repair or alerations on
* Propellers
2) Cannot approve a major repair or alteration for return to service.
3) Cannot do any repair or alteration to instruments.
4) Cannot delegate his inspection duties in a 100 hour inspection
5) Cannot perform annual inspections

Question 52

The term that describes weight of the standard aircraft including any optional or special equipment, fixed ballast, unusable fuel, and full operating fluids including oil, hydraulic fluid, and other fluids required for normal operation of aircraft systems except potable water, lavatory precharge water, and water intended for injection in the engines is called what?

Answer 52

Basic empty weight

Question 53

Aircraft certified prior to _________, might use the term ________________, which is similar to basic empty weight except that it does not include full engine oil. For these aircraft, the licenced empty weight includes only the weight of undrainable oil.

Answer 53

March 1, 1978

Licenensed empty weight

Question 54

The weight of an aircraft without optional equipment, and is obtained from the aircraft manufacturers is called what?

Answer 54

Standard Empty weight

Question 55

Standard weights are used for computing the weight of fuel, oil, crew, and baggage. For general weight and balance purpose, the following weights are considered standard:

Avgas……………………………._____pounds per gallon

Turbine fuel………………….._____pounds per gallon

Lubricating oil………………._____pounds per gallon

Water……………………………._____pounds per gallon

Crew & Passengers……______ for utility/aerobatic aircraft

Answer 55

Avgas……………………………. 6 pounds per gallon

Turbine fuel………………….. 6.7 pounds per gallon

Lubricating oil……………….7.5 pounds per gallon

Water…………………………….8.35 pounds per gallon

Crew & Passengers…… 190 pounds for utility/aerobatic aircraft

Question 56

What refers to the weight of the flight crew, passengers, and any cargo or baggage?

Answer 56

Payload

Question 57

The difference between the maximum takeoff weight and the basic empty weight which includes payload, usable fuel, and full operating fluids is called what?

Answer 57

Useful load

Question 58

The fuel that is available for flight is called what?

Answer 58

Usable fuel

Question 59

The operational weight of the aircraft including the payload but excluding the fuel load is called what?

Answer 59

Zero fuel weight

Question 60

Maximum weight approved for aircraft ground operations is called what?

Answer 60

Maximum ramp weight

Question 61

Basic Empty Weight

+ _______\_

= Zero Fuel Weight

+ ___\_

= Ramp Weight

_- _

= Takeoff Weight

- _\_

= Landing Weight

Answer 61

Basic Empty Weight

+ Payload_______\_

= Zero Fuel Weight

+Usable Fuel____\_

= Ramp Weight

- Fuel Used for Start, Taxi, and Engine Runup

= Takeoff Weight

- Fuel Used During Flight_\_

= Landing Weight

Question 62

………….?………

+ Payload________

= ………..?……………..

+Usable Fuel_____

= …………..?…………….

- Fuel Used for Start, Taxi, and Engine Runup

= ………..?………….

- Fuel Used During Flight_\_

= …………….?…………………..

Answer 62

Basic Empty Weight

+ Payload_______\_

= Zero Fuel Weight

+Usable Fuel____\_

= Ramp Weight

- Fuel Used for Start, Taxi, and Engine Runup

= Takeoff Weight

- Fuel Used During Flight_\_

= Landing Weight

Question 63

With an forward CG limit, it will be too nose heavy. Although this tends to make an aircraft seem stable, adverse side affects include longer_____________ and a higher________.

Answer 63

With an forward CG limit, it will be too nose heavy. Although this tends to make an aircraft seem stable, adverse side affects include longer takeoff distance and a higher stalling speeds.

Question 64

With an aft CG, the aircraft becomes tail heavy and very unstable in _________, regardless of speed. Furthermore, when the CG is beyond the aft limit, the stabilator may be ineffective for_____________

Answer 64

With an aft CG, the aircraft becomes tail heavy and very unstable in pitch, regardless of speed. Furthermore, when the CG is beyond the aft limit, the stabilator may be ineffective for stall or spin recovery.

Question 65

The imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal measurements are taken with the aircraft in a level flight attitude is called what?

Answer 65

Datum Line

Question 66

When an object’s weight is multiplied by it’s arm, the result is known as what? What is it expressed in?

Answer 66

Moment

Pound-feet or pound-meters

Question 67

The distance of an item from the datum is called what?

Answer 67

Arm

Question 68

What type of scales are used for measuring large planes vs. smaller planes

Answer 68

Platform scales - smaller planes

Load cells - larger planes

Question 69

The CG location in a transport aircraft is given in terms of percent of the what?

Answer 69

Mean Aerodynamic Chord

(%MAC)

Question 70

The Leading Edge and Trailing Edge of the Mac is referred as what?

Answer 70

LEMAC

TEMAC

Question 71

A weight in the aircraft to bring the CG into its desired range is called what?

Answer 71

Ballast

Question 72

How do you convert oil’s quantiy from quarts to pounds?

Answer 72

Divide quart amount by 4, then multiply by 7.5. The answer is expressed in Pounds per Gallon.

Question 73

If weight is needed to move the CG to a desired location, what formula do you use?

Answer 73

Ballast Formula

Ballast =

Aircraft Weight x Change in C.G Desired ÷ Ballast Arm - Arm of Desired C.G

Change of C.G Desired - Expressed in inches forward or backward from the other C.G

Ballast Arm - Distance from datum to where you will place the weight

Arm of desired C.G - Distance from datum to where you will place the weight

Question 74

If you need to shift the weight around to put the C.G within limits, what formula do you use?

Answer 74

Weight Shift Formula

Weight Shifted ÷ Total Weight = C.G change required ÷ Distance weight is shifted

Change of C.G Desired - Expressed in inches forward or backward from the other C.G

Distance weight is shifted - The difference between the two stations from where the weight will be shifted.

Total weight - the total weight of the aircraft.

Question 75

What is a METO, when is it used, what is it’s formula, and where can it be found?

Answer 75

METO - Maximum except take-off horsepower. It’s rating is found in the Type Certifacation Data Sheet. It is used when trying to find the minumum fuel for a CG check.

Formula

Minimum Fuel = METO ÷ 2

Question 76

As a formula, the solution to solve for the percent of
MAC would be what?

Answer 76

% MAC = CG − LEMAC ÷ MAC × 100

Question 77

In regards to exterior cleaning, the use of nonapproved or ordinary commercial compounds can result in a condition known as what?

Answer 77

Hydrogen Embrittlement

Hydrogen embrittlement results when a chemical reaction produces hydrogen gas that is absorbed into a metal. This process subsequently reduces a metal’s ductility and allows the formation of cracks and stress corrosion

Question 78

The type of materials to be used in cleaning depends on the nature of the elements that need to be removed. When removing oil, grease, or soft preservative compounds, what type of dry-cleaning solvent is used? What are the 2 common types?

Answer 78

Naphta

• Aliphatic Naphta - hydrocarbon solvent that dissolves oil and grease but does not harm rubber or acrylic components. This is frequently used to wipe down cleaned surfaces before painting.
• Aromatic naphtha - attacks rubber and acrylic compounds.

Question 79

When a metal such as aluminum is exposed to a gas containing oxygen, a chemical reaction takes place on the surface between the metal and the gas. Two aluminum atoms join three oxygen atoms to form aluminum oxide (AL₂O₃). If the metal is iron or steel, two atoms of ion join three atoms of oxygen to form iron oxide, or rust (Fe₂O₃).

What is this type of corrosion called?

Answer 79

Oxidation aka “dry” corrosion

The difference between iron oxide and aluminum oxide is that the film of aluminum oxide is unbroken and, therefore, once it has formed, further reaction with oxygen slows dramatically. Iron oxide, on the other hand, forms a porous, interrupted film. Since the film is not air tight, the metal continues to react with oxygen in the air until the metal is completely eaten away.

Question 80

A type of corrosion often recognized as powdery deposits of salt or small blisters along the surface of a metal is called what?

Answer 80

Uniform Surface Corrosion

Question 81

What type of corrosion is formed when uniform surface corrosion is left untreated and localized clumps of powdery salts is formed on the metal?

Answer 81

Pitting Corrosion

Question 82

A type of corrosion that is formed when two dissimilar metals make electrical contact with the presence of an electrolyte is called what?

Answer 82

Galvanic Corrosion

Question 83

What are the three general types of Concentration Cell Corrosion?

Answer 83

1. Oxygen Concentration Cell Corrosion - forms in the areas where there is a deficiency of oxygen between air tight lap joints
2. Metal Ion Concentration Cell Corrosion - forms in the open at the edge of a lap joint
3. Active-Passive Cell Cell Corrosion

Question 84

A special form of oxygen concentration cell corrosion (crevice corrosion) recognized by its fine threadlike lines or puffines under the paint film and first noticed around rivet heads along the lap joints of skins is called what?

Answer 84

Filiform Corrosion

Filiform corrosion often results when the washer primer used on the metal has not been properly cured. A wash primer is a two0part metal preperation material in which phosphoric acid converts the surface of the metal into a phosphate film that protects the metal from corrosion, and provides an excellent bond for paint. This conversion process relies on moisture in the air and, if there is not enough moisture to convert all of the acid, some acis remains on the metal. If a dense polyurethane finish is then applied, the acid becomes trapped and reacts with the aluminum alloy to form corrosion.

Question 85

After a heat treatment process, the alloy must be quenched promptly after it is removed from the heat bath. If quenching is delayed for even a few seconds, particles of the alloying agent precipitate out of the metal matrix and can become quite large. If quenching is delayed too long, these metal grains can reach a size that produces areas of dissimilar metals large enough to form effective cathodes and anodes so that _________corrosion can form.

Answer 85

Intergranular Corrosion

Question 86

An extreme case of intergranular corrosion which occurs along the grain boundaries and causes the material to seperate, or delaminate is called what?

Answer 86

Exfoliation Corrosion

Question 87

_______corrosion occurs when metal is subjected to tensile stress in the presence of a corrosive envrioment. Cracks caused by this corrosion grow rapidly as the corrosive attack concentrates at the end of the crack rather than along the side?

Answer 87

Stress Corrosion

Question 88

When two surfaces fit tightly together but can move relative to one another, corrosion occurs. This type of corrosion is the result of the abrasive wear caused by the two surfaces rubbing against each other. What is this corrosion called?

Answer 88

Fretting Corrosion

Question 89

Corrosion is an __________ action in which a metal is changed into a chemical salt.

Answer 89

Electrochemical

Question 90

The four basic requirements for the formation of corrosion in a material is what?

Answer 90

1. Anode
2. Cathode
3. Electrolyte
4. Electrical contact between the anode & cathode.

Question 91

What is used to neutralize Lead-Acid & Nickel-Cadmium batteries

Answer 91

Lead Acid - Bicarbonate Soda

Nickel-Cadmium - Boric Acid

Question 92

What is used to determined that a battery area is completely neutralized?

Answer 92

Litmus Paper

Question 93

What is Anodizing?

Answer 93

The process of applying an oxide film that protects the alloy from further corrosion by an electrolytic process

Question 94

What is Alodizing?

Answer 94

The process of applying an oxide film that protects the alloy from further corrosion by an chemical process

Question 95

What is sacrificial corrosion?

Answer 95

Using a cadmium plating to protect steel parts from corrosion.

Question 96

What type of brushes are used to remove corrosion?

Answer 96

Stiff nonmetallic bristle brushes or nylon scrubbers

Question 97

Some materials have an atomic structure that easily permits the movement of electrons. The materials are referred to as __________ .Materials which oppose the movement of electrons are called__________ .

Answer 97

Conductor

Insulator

Question 98

The basic unit of electrical quanity and is equivalent to 6.28 billion billion electrons and typically written as 6.28 x 10¹⁸ is what? What is it’s symbol?

Answer 98

coulomb

Its symbol is “Q”

Question 99

What is an ampre (one amp) ? What is it’s symbol?

Answer 99

When one coulomb of electrons flows past a point in one second.

It’s symbol is “I”

Question 100

What is an Ohm? What is it’s symbol?

Answer 100

The standard unit of resistance, or opposition to current flow, and is represented by an “Ω”.

One ohm is the resistance through which a force of one volt results in a flow of one ampere.

Question 101

What is an electromotive force or EMF? What is this force measured in and what is it’s symbol?

Answer 101

EMF is the force that causes electrons to flow.

This force is measured in volts. One volt represents the amount of force required to cause one amp of flow through one ohm of resistance.

The symbol used to represent the volt is “E or V”

Question 102

What is a watt? What is it’s symbol?

Answer 102

The standard unit of measure for electrical power.

It’s symbol is “P”

Question 103

What are the two basic types of electricity and what is the difference?

Answer 103

Current electricity - electrons move through a circuit and perform work through the magnetic field created by their movement, or by the heat generated when forced through a resistance.

Static electricity - non-moving electrons and serve little useful purpose.

Question 104

When an airplane flies through the air, friction causes a static charge to build on the aircraft’s surface. To help prevent an excessive charge from buulding, many aircraft utilize_______to discharge the electricity into the air.

Answer 104

Static wicks

Question 105

What is the photo below? What is it used for and what is it’s maximum permissible resistance?

Answer 105

Bonding strap - provides a conductive path for static electricity to move from aircraft’s control surfaces to the airframe for discharging.

The maximum permissible resistance of a bonding strap is .003 ohms.

Question 106

___________ is a basic statement which says the current that flows in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage (force) that causes it, and inversely proportional to the resistance (oposition) in the circuit.

What is the formula for the relationship between volts, amps, and resistance?

What is the formula for the relationship between power, current, and voltage?

Answer 106

Ohm’s Law

Relationship between volts, amps, and resistance

• Volt = Amps x Resistance (E = I x R)

Relationship between power, current, and voltage

• Power = Amps x Volts (P = I x E)

Question 107

What is the difference between SPST, SPDT, DPST, and DPDT switches?

Which one is used to control both the battery and generator circuit so they both can turn ON and OFF at the same time?

Answer 107

Single-pole, Single-throw (SPST) - Used on single wire circuits

Single-pole, Double-throw (SPDT) - Used on two single wire circuits but allows only one circuit to be energized at a time.

Double-pole, Single-throw (DPST) - Used to control two circuits simultaneously (OFF/ON together) and may be of different voltages and from seperate sources. This is used to control both the battery and generator circuit so they both can turn ON and OFF at the same time

Double-pole, Double-throw (DPDT) - Used to control four circuits, permitting only two circuits to be energized at one time.

Question 108

What is a precision switch?

Answer 108

A switch that is activated by the movement of some mechanism. It is usually important that this switch is activated when the mechanism moves and reaches a very definite and specific location

Question 109

Charged atoms are called ions. If an atom possesses an excess of electrons, it is said to be negatively charged, and is called a _______. On the other hand, an atom with excess protons is called a ________.

Answer 109

Charged atoms are called ions. If an atom possesses an excess of electrons, it is said to be negatively charged, and is called a negative ion. On the other hand, an atom with excess protons is called a positive ion.

Question 110

What simple rule is used to determine the direction the lines of flux travel through conductors?

Answer 110

Left Hand Rule

(Knuckles Down Counter-Clockwwise)

If you grasp the conductor in your left hand with your thumb pointing in the direction of electron flow, your fingers encircle the conductor in the direction of the lines of flux travel.

Question 111

What simple rule is used to determine which end of an electromagnet is north and which is south?

Answer 111

Left-Hand Rule for Coils

(Knuckles Up clock-wise)

This rule states that if you grasp a coil with your left hand so your fingers wrap around the coil in the direction of electron flow, your thumb points to the coil’s north pole.

Question 112

What are the two most common switches used to control the flow of electrons in aircrafts?

Answer 112

Enclosed toggle switch

Rocker switch

Question 113

What type of switches are used when it is necessary to select any of a large number of circuit conditions.

Answer 113

Wafer Switch

Question 114

An electrical switch that is operated from a remote location is called what?

What are the two general types?

Answer 114

Relay Switch

There are two general types of relays used in the aviation industry; those having fixed cores, and those with movable cores. Both use a coil of wire, or solenoid.

1. Fixed-Core Electromagnet Switch - the core remains stationary at all times, however, once current flows through the coil, the magnetic force produced opens or closes a set of contacts to complete another circuit.
2. Movable-Core Electromagnetic Switch - The core of the electromagnet is typically held out from the center of the coil by a spring, however, once current flows through the coil, a strong magnetic field is produced that overcomes the spring and pulls the core into the center of the coil. When this occurs, a set of contacts attached to the core are pulled down to complete another circuit.

Question 115

What is the difference between overloading and a short?

Answer 115

Overloading - overloading a circuit results from connecting loads that are too large for the wiring.

A Short - Part of a circuit comes in direct contact with the return side of the circuit. When a short occurs, a path for current flow with little or no resistance is established. This results in large amounts of current flow and conductor heating.

Question 116

A ______ is made of a low-melting-point alloy enclosed in a glass tube and installed as part of a circuit. When current flow becomes excessive, the metal alloy melts and open the circuit to prevent wire damage.

Answer 116

Fuse

Question 117

Like fuses, ________automatically open a circuit if current flow becomes excessive. However, once the circuit cools, this item can be easily reset by moving the operational control.

Answer 117

Circuit Breakers

Question 118

What does it mean when it is said that aircraft circuit breakers are of a “trip-free type” ?

Answer 118

It means that once the breaker opens, the circuit remains open until the circuit cools regardless of the position of the operating control. With this type of breaker, it is impossible to hold the circuit if an actual fault exits.

Question 119

What are the two basic principles that curcuit breakers operate on?

What are the three types?

Answer 119

Thermal Breakers - opens a circuit when excess current heats an element in the breaker causing the contact to open.

Magnetic Breakers - uses the magnetic field caused by the current in the circuit to open the contacts

Three basic types used in aircrafts

1. Push/Pull
2. Push-to-Reset
3. Toggle Type

Question 120

What is used in electrical circuits to control the amount of current flow?

How is this done?

Answer 120

Resistors

They do this by converting some of the electrical energy that flows through the aircraft into heat. The resistors used in aircraft are generally cassified as fixed or variable

Question 121

A type of variable resistor that controls resistance vary the amount of current flow in a circuit is called what?

Answer 121

Rheostats

Question 122

A type of variable resistor that changes the amount of voltage in a circuit and are often used as voltage dividers is called what?

Answer 122

Potentiometer

Question 123

Voltmeters, ammeters, and ohmmeters are used to analyze values in electrical circuits. Some basic rules should be followed in thier use to prevent injury to the technician or damage to the meters and circuit components. Explain proper procedures for each of the following:

Measuring Voltage

Measuring Amperage

Measuring Resistance

Answer 123

1. Voltage is always measured across a component. In other words, the probes of the volt-meter go across, or parallel to, the component being measured
2. Amperage is measured by placing the meter in series with a component. The technician must be sure the ammeter is able to handle the current in the circuit being measured.
3. Resistance is measured with power off the circuit. Individual components mest be isolated from the circuit if their resistance are to be checked.

Question 124

Name the three components needed to complete the circuit.

Answer 124

Source

Load

Conductors

Question 125

The resistance of a conductor is affected by what three factors.

Answer 125

Physical Characteristics

Dimensions

Temperature

Question 126

When electrons flow in a conductor, they cause an _______to surround the conductor.

Answer 126

Magnetic Field

Question 127

Each unit of electrical measurement may be expressed using a single letter. What letters are used for the expressions below?

Voltage

Current

Resistance

Power

Answer 127

Voltage - E

Current - I

Resistance - R

Power - P

Question 128

The AC wave form produced by a rotary generator is called?

Answer 128

Sine Wave

Question 129

One complete sequence of voltage or current change from zero, through a positive peak, back to zero, through a negative peak, and back to zero again is called what?

Answer 129

A Cycle

Question 130

One-half of an AC cycle in which the voltage or current rises or falls from zero to a peak and back to zero is called what?

Answer 130

Alteration

Question 131

The time required for one cycle of events to occur is called what?

Answer 131

Period

period of the alternating current or voltage

Question 132

The frequency of AC is the number of ___________. Frequency is expressed in______ with one hertz equal to ______per second.

Answer 132

The frequency of AC is the number of cycles completed in one second. Frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz) with one hertz equal to one cycle per second.

Question 133

The maximum value of voltage or current in either positive or the negative direction of a sine wave is called what?

Answer 133

Peak Value

Question 134

The difference between the positive and the negative sine wave peak values is called what?

Answer 134

Peak-to-peak value

Question 135

A sine wave’s __________is found by multiplying its peak value by the sine of the angle through which the loop rotates beyond its zero-voltage position.

Answer 135

Instantaneous value

Question 136

If all of the instantaneous values of current or voltage in one alteration of a sine wave are averaged together, they will have a value of ______ and is referred to as an ___________.

Answer 136

If all of the instantaneous values of current or voltage in one alteration of a sine wave are averaged together, they will have a value of 0.637 and is referred to as an average value.

Question 137

The AC value that produces the same amount of heat as a corresponding amount of DC is called what?

Answer 137

Effective value

Question 138

To determine the effective value, square all of of the instantaneous values in one alteration, find the average of these squared values, and calculate the square root of this average. The effective value is sometimes referred to as_________and is ______of the peak value.

Answer 138

To determine the effective value, square all of of the instantaneous values in one alteration, find the average of these squared values, and calculate the square root of this average. The effective value is sometimes referred to as root mean square (RMS) and is 0.707 of the peak value.

Question 139

The amount of shift between the voltage and the current is called what?

Answer 139

Phase angle

Question 140

In the study of direct current, electrical power is the product of voltage and current and is measured in watts. However, with alternating current, the values for both voltage and current are given in effective values. The product of these effective values is called the _____ and is expressed in _____rather than watts.

Answer 140

In the study of direct current, electrical power is the product of voltage and current and is measured in watts. However, with alternating current, the values for both voltage and current are given in effective values. The product of these effective values is called the apparent power and is expressed in volt-amps rather than watts.

Question 141

The actual AC power in current when phase is taken into account is called what?

Answer 141

True power

Question 142

The ratio of true power to apparent power is called_____and, when multiplied by the current, indicates the amount of current that is in phase with the voltage

What is it’s formula?

Answer 142

Power Factor

True power = E x I x power factor

Question 143

Circuit components such as light bulbs, heaters, and composition resistors provide resistance to an AC circuit. Circuits containing only these types of devices are called______. The current and voltage are in phase with these type of circuits and they both pass through zero in the sine wave at the same time.

Answer 143

Resistive circuits.

Question 144

When the current flow through a conductor changes, the magnetic feild expands or contracts as appropriate. As it does, the lines of flux cut across the conductor and induce a voltage into it. This phenomenon is called _______.

Answer 144

Inductance

Question 145

As the voltage begins to rise and the current in a conductor increases, the expanding lines of flux cut across the conductor and induce a voltage that opposes, or slows down the rising voltage. This induced voltage is sometimes referred to as _________ since it opposes the applied voltage

Answer 145

Counter-electomotive force

Question 146

The symbol for inductance is _____and is measured in ______.

Answer 146

The symbol for inductance is L and is measured in henrys (H).

One henry of inductance generates one volt of induced voltage when the current changes at the rate of one ampre per second.

Question 147

What law states that the voltage induced into the conductor is of such a polarity that it opposes the change that caused it?

Answer 147

Lenz’s Law

Question 148

A conductor’s inductance is increased by forming it into a coil. The inductance of the coil is determined by what 4 things?

Answer 148

1. Type of core
2. Number of turns
3. Shape of the coil
4. Wire size

Question 149

Name the circuits and what formula is used?

(Note: Circuit on right are of different values)

Answer 149

Question 150

The tie required for the current to rise to 63.2 percent of its peak value is known as _______of the circuit and is determined by the value of inductance and resistance in the circuit.

What is the formula?

Answer 150

Time Constant

Time Constant = L (henrys) / R (ohms)

For example, a circuit containing 2 henrys of inductance and 50 ohms of resistance has a time constant of 0.04 seconds

Time Constant = 2 henrys / 50 ohms = .04 seconds

Question 151

Inductive reactanceis represented by the symbol ____ and is measured in ohms. What is the formula for determining inductive reactance?

Answer 151

Inductive reactanceis represented by the symbol X_L and is measured in ohms.

Formula for determining inductive reactance

X_L = 2πfL

Where:

π = 3.14

f = frequency in cycles per second

L = inductance in henrys

Question 152

Electrical energy can be stored in batteries through an electrochemical process. However, this is not the only means of storing electricity. For example, it can be stored in ________caused by an accumulation of electrical charges. The strength of an electrostatic field is determined by the amount of voltage contained by the static charges. A______, sometimes called a_______, is a device that stores electrical energy in the electrostatic fields that exist between two conductors that are separated by an insulator, or _________.

Answer 152

Electrical energy can be stored in batteries through an electrochemical process. However, this is not the only means of storing electricity. For example, it can be stored in electrostatic fields caused by an accumulation of electrical charges. The strength of an electrostatic field is determined by the amount of voltage contained by the static charges. A capacitor, sometimes called a condenser, is a device that stores electrical energy in the electrostatic fields that exist between two conductors that are separated by an insulator, or dielectric.

Question 153

Capacitive reactance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by the capacitance in a circuit. What is the symbol and formula for capacitive reactance?

Answer 153

Symbol : X_c

Formula:

Question 154

The ratio of true power to apparent power is called what?

Answer 154

Power Factor