testicular cancer Flashcards
1
Q
define testicular cancer?
A
malignant tumour of the testes. Mainly germ-cell tumours
2
Q
what are the types of germ cell tumours?
A
o Seminomas - 50%
o Non-seminomas: including embryonal yolk sac, teratomas and choriocarcinomas.
3
Q
strongest riks factor for testicular cancer?
A
o Infertility
4
Q
epidemiology of testicular cancer?
A
• Common age of onset: 20-30 years old
5
Q
presenting symptoms and signs of testicular cancer?
A
- Painless lump MOST COMMON PRESENTATION
- Hydrocele
- Backache
- Gynaecomastia
- Lymphadenopathy
6
Q
first line investigation for testicular cancer?
A
• Testicular Ultrasound
7
Q
what are the relevent tumour markers?
A
- -fetoprotein (AFP) (60%)
- LDH (40%)
- b-hCG (20%) in seminomas
