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Flashcards in Test Study Guide Deck (152)
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1
Q

Cervical Spine has how many vertebrae?

A

This part of the spine has 7 vertebrae’s

2
Q

Thoracic Spine has how many vertebrae?

A

This part of the spine has 12 vertebrae’s

3
Q

Lumbar Spine has how many vertebrae?

A

This part of the spine has 5 vertebrae’s

4
Q

Sacrum Spine has how many vertebrae?

A

This part of the spine has 5 vertebrae’s

5
Q

Coccyx Spine has how many vertebrae?

A

This part of the spine has 4 vertebrae’s

6
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

206

7
Q

Adult breathing rate

A

12-20 breaths per minute

8
Q

Child breathing rate

A

15-30 breaths per minute

9
Q

Infant breathing rate

A

25-50 breaths per minute

10
Q

Adult CPR compression rate

A

30:2

11
Q

Child CPR compression rate

A

30:2

12
Q

Infant CPR compression rate

A

3:1

13
Q

Rescue breathing rate Adult

A

5-6 sec rescue breathing

14
Q

Rescue breathing rate Child

A

3-5 sec rescue breathing

15
Q

Rescue breathing rate Infant

A

3-5 sec rescue breathing

16
Q

Rescue breathing rate Newborn

A

1-2 sec rescue breathing

17
Q

CPR 2 Man Adult

A

Adult: 30:2

18
Q

CPR 2 Man Child

A

Child: 15:2

19
Q

CPR 2 Man Infant

A

Infant: 15:2

20
Q

CPR 2 Man Newborn

A

Newborn: 3:1

21
Q

Nasal cannula

A

1-6 lpm / 24-44%

22
Q

Non re breather

A

10-15 lpm / ~ 90%

23
Q

BVM

A

15 lpm / ~100 %

24
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

0.4 mg SL / SL spray

25
Q

Asprin

A

324 mg baby ASA chewed (4 x 81 mg)

26
Q

Epi Pen

A

Adult: 0.3 mg

27
Q

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

A

1-2g/kg

28
Q

Normal Adult Pulse Rates

A

60 - 100 beats per minute

29
Q

Normal Child Pulse Rates

A

70 - 120 beats per minute

30
Q

Normal toddler Pulse Rates

A

90 - 150 beats per minute

31
Q

Infant Pulse Rates

A

100 - 160 beats per minute

32
Q

Children might be scared of :

A

uniform, the ambulance, crowd of people gathered around them

33
Q

Waste products of aerobic metabolism

A

carbon dioxide and water

34
Q

what is the by- product of involuntary muscle

A

heat

35
Q

blood pressure corresponds with what

A

weight

36
Q

Toddler age range

A

1 to 3 years

37
Q

School-Age Children range

A

6 to 12 years

38
Q

adolescents age range

A

12 to 18 years

39
Q

Early Adults age range

A

19 to 40 years

40
Q

Middle Adults age range

A

41 to 60 years

41
Q

Older Adults age range

A

61 years and older

42
Q

what to remember when giving BVM ventilation to infant

A

infant lungs are fragile

43
Q

An infant who is repeatedly rejected experiences

A

anxious- avoidant attachment

44
Q

To protect a restrained patient and prevent him from using leverage to break free, the EMT should secure

A

one arm above the head.

45
Q

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:

A

90 to 120 seconds

46
Q

forcing your own cultural values onto others because you believe your values are better.

A

cultural imposition

47
Q

means considering your own cultural values as more important.

A

ethnocentrism

48
Q

is the study of space and how the distance between people impacts communication.

A

Proxemics

49
Q

receives message and signals from one frequency and then automatically transmits them on a second frequency

A

A repeater

50
Q

is the ability to transmit and receive messages simultaneously

A

Duplex

51
Q

is a device that searches or scans across several frequencies until a messages is completed.

A

Scanner

52
Q

is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users

A

dedicated line

53
Q

neonate opens arms wide, spreads fingers, and seems to grab at things

A

moro reflex

54
Q

occurs when an object is placed into the neonates palm

A

palmar grasp

55
Q

neonate instinctively turns head when something touches its cheek

A

rooting reflex

56
Q

occurs when a neonate’s lips are stroked

A

sucking reflex

57
Q

children act to avoid punishment and get what they want

A

conventional reasoning

58
Q

children make decisions guided by their conscience

A

post conventional reasoning

59
Q

is our perception of ourselves

A

self concept

60
Q

concept developed from an orderly, predictable environment versus a disorderly, irregular environment

A

trust vs mistrust

61
Q

the blockage of the coronary arteries

A

atherosclerosis

62
Q

use when there is potential for danger

A

emergency moves

63
Q

Necessary to move patient: With altered level of consciousness, With inadequate ventilation, In shock, In extreme weather conditions, Rapid extrication technique requires a team of knowledgeable EMTs.

A

urgent moves

64
Q

used when both scene and patient are stable

A

Non urgent move

65
Q

used in difficult to reach areas

A

Portable/folding stretchers

66
Q

useful for confined spaces. Does provide immobilization

A

Flexible stretcher

67
Q

immobilize seated patients

A

Short backboards

68
Q

Alternative to backboards for immobilizing geriatric and pediatric patients

A

Vacuum Mattresses

69
Q

remove patients from remote locations

A

Basket stretcher

70
Q

Position of comfort for chest pain and respiratory problems

A

Fowler positions

71
Q

is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.

A

The sacrum

72
Q

How does oxygen reach body tissue?

A

through breathing and circulation

73
Q

What Structures help us breathe?

A

diaphram, chest wall muscles, accessory muscles of breathing, nerves from the brain and spinal cord to those muscles

74
Q

What does the upper airway consist of ?

A

nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx

75
Q

What is the main function of the upper airway?

A

Warm, filter and humidity air as it enters the body

76
Q

filters out dust and small particles, warms and humidifies air as it enters the body

A

Nasopharynx function

77
Q

Lower airway function

A

deliver oxygen to the alveoli

78
Q

Lower airway includes

A

trachea, bronchi, lungs

79
Q

the pace between the lungs

A

Mediastinum

80
Q

these systems work together to ensure a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients is delivered to cells.

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular system

81
Q

the physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

82
Q

active, muscular part of breathing, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.

A

Inhalation

83
Q

passive process, diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, smaller thorax compresses air into the lungs

A

Exhalation

84
Q

infections, allergic reaction, unresponsiveness (tongue obstruction)

A

Intrinsic factors

85
Q

trauma, foreign body airway obstruction

A

Extrinsic factors

86
Q

atmospheric pressure, partial pressure of O2

A

External factors

87
Q

pneumonia, pulmonary edema, COPD/ emphysema

A

Internal factors

88
Q

Cheyne stokes often seen in patients with

A

stroke or head injury

89
Q

irregular or unidentifiable pattern, may follow serious head injuries

A

Ataxic respirations

90
Q

deep, rapid respirations, common in patients with metabolic acidosis

A

Kussmaul respirations

91
Q

Hazards of supplemental oxygen are

A

combustion, oxygen toxicity

92
Q

Types of contraindications

A

absolute, relative

93
Q

Types of Side effects

A

unintended effects, untoward effects

94
Q

3 parts of cardiovascular system- heart, blood vessels or arteries, the blood

A

Perfusion triangle

95
Q

peak arterial pressure

A

Systolic

96
Q

pressure in the arteries while the heart rest between heartbeats

A

Diastolic

97
Q

cardiogenic shock, obstructive shock

A

Pump failure

98
Q

distributive shock causes

A

Poor vessel function

99
Q

Cardiogenic shock causes

A

caused by inadequate function of the heart, major effect is the build up of blood into lungs

100
Q

presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues.

A

Edema

101
Q

caused by mechanical obstruction that prevents an adequate volume of blood from filling the chambers

A

Obstructive Shock

102
Q

caused by mechanical obstruction that prevents an adequate volume of blood from filling the chambers

A

Obstructive Shock

103
Q

Common examples of obstructive shock

A

cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism

104
Q

collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium(pericardial effusion) becomes large enough to prevent ventricles from filling with blood. - caused by blunt or penetrating trauma, signs and symptoms are referred to as beck triad

A

Cardiac tamponade

105
Q

caused by damage to lung, the air normally held within the lung escapes into the chest cavity. - the lung and air applies pressure to the organs, including the heart and great vessels

A

Tension pneumothorax

106
Q

a blood clot that blocks the flow of blood through pulmonary vessels. - can result in complete backup of blood in the right ventricle - leads to catastrophic obstructive shock and complete pump failure

A

Pulmonary embolism

107
Q

results from widespread dilation of small arterioles, small venules, or both, the circulating blood volume pools in the expanded vascular beds, tissue perfusion decreases

A

Distributive shock

108
Q

results from severe infections in which toxins are generated by bacteria or by infected body tissue ; widespread dilation of vessels, in combination with plasma loss through the vessel walls, result in shock

A

Septic shock

109
Q

shock that is usually the result of high spinal cord injury.

A

Neurogenic shock

110
Q

Causes of neurogenic shock

A

brain conditions, tumors, pressure on the spinal cord, spina bifida

111
Q

caused by sudden reaction of the nervous system, produces temporary, generalized vascular dilation, results in fainting ( syncope)

A

Psychogenic shock

112
Q

result of an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the circulatory system

A

Hypovolemic shock

113
Q

early stage when the body can still compensate for blood loss

A

Compensated shock

114
Q

hypovolemic shock causes

A

Low fluid volume

115
Q

late stage when blood pressure is falling

A

Decompensated shock

116
Q

Conditions to expect shock

A

multiple severe fractures, abdominal or chest injury, spinal injury, a severe infection, a major heart attack, anaphylaxics

117
Q

Treatment for cardiac tamponade

A

apply high-flow oxygen; surgery is the only definitive treatment

118
Q

Treatment for tension pneumothorax

A

apply high- flow oxygen to prevent hypoxia; chest decompression

119
Q

Treatment for septic shock

A

high flow oxygen, blankets to conserve body heat

120
Q

Treatment for anaphylactic shock

A

adminsiter epinephrine, provide high flow oxygen and ventilatory assistance en route

121
Q

4 to 6 mins without oxygen =

A

Permanent brain damage

122
Q

ALS involves:

A

cardiac monitoring, intravenous fluids and medications, advance airway adjuncts

123
Q

recognition and activation of the emergency system, immediate, high- quality CPR, rapid defibrilation, basic and advanced emergency medical services, advanced life support and post-arrest care.

A

AHA’s chain of survival

124
Q

example of urology emergency

A

kidney stones

125
Q

caused by complication of diabetes mellitus

A

Endocrine emergencies:

126
Q

may be result of sickle cell disease or blood-clotting disorders

A

hematologic emergencies

127
Q

new cases of a disease in a human population substantially exceed what is expected

A

Epidemic

128
Q

an animal respiratory disease that has mutated to infect humans

A

Influenza

129
Q

inflammation of the liver; early signs- loss of appetite, vomiting, fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, muscle and joint pain. Late signs- jaundice, right upper quadrant abdominal pain

A

hepatitis

130
Q

inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Signs and symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status

A

Meningitis

131
Q

watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, body aches, and bleeding

A

Ebola symptoms

132
Q

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

A

Dyspnea

133
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs here

A

Lungs

134
Q

oxygen passes into capillaries, carbon dioxide returns to lungs

A

Alveoli

135
Q

senses blood’s carbon dioxide levels, regulates breathing rate and depth

A

Brain stem

136
Q

inflammation and swelling of pharynx, larynx, and trachea, stridor and seal bark cough. Responds well to humidified oxygen

A

Croup

137
Q

common cause of illness in young children, look for signs of dehydration, treat airway and breathing problems, humidified oxygen is helpful

A

RSV

138
Q

usually affects newborns and toddlers, bronchioles become inflamed, swell, and fill, with mucus

A

Bronchiolitis

139
Q

Airbourne bacterial infection that mostly affects children under 6, watch for dehydration and suction as needed

A

Pertussis

140
Q

fever, cough, sore throat , muscle aches, headache, and fatigue. May lead to pnuemonia or dehydration

A

Influenza type A symptoms

141
Q

heart muscle can’t circulate blood properly, fluid builds up within alveoli and in lung tissue. Usually result of congestive heart failure

A

Acute pulmonary edema

142
Q

COPD stands for

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

143
Q

slow process of dilation and disruption of airways and alveoli

A

COPD

144
Q

is most common type of COPD, loss of elastic material in the lungs

A

Emphysema

145
Q

bacterial infection causing inflammation of epiglottis. Children are often found in tripod position and drooling. Position comfortably and provide oxygen

A

Epiglottitis

146
Q

Causes of emphysema

A

inflamed airways, smoking

147
Q

Pulmonary edema lung sounds

A

wet

148
Q

COPD lung sounds

A

dry

149
Q

is acute spasm of smaller air passages ( bronchioles )

A

asthma

150
Q

is accumulation of air in pleural space

A

Pnuemothorax

151
Q

a blood clot that circulates through the venous system

A

Pulmonary embolism

152
Q

occurs with lung infections or in weak lungs; breath sounds may be absent on affected side. Breath sounds may be absent on affected side

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax