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microbiology > test 7 > Flashcards

test 7 Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes; mostly caused by viruses

A

bronchitis

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2
Q

combo of bronchitis and pneumonia

A

brochopneumonia

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3
Q

inflammation of the epiglottis and may cause respiratory obstruction

A

epiglottitis

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4
Q

what causes epiglottitis

A

frequently caused by H. influenzae

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5
Q

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx (voice box)

A

laryngitis

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6
Q

inflammation of the mucous membrane and tissues of the pharynx

A

pharyngitis/sore throat

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7
Q

what causes pharyngitis

A

viruses

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8
Q

inflammation of one or both lungs

A

pneumonia

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9
Q

can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

A

pneumonia

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10
Q

inflammation of the lining of one or more of the sinuses

A

sinusitis

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11
Q

what causes sinusitis

A

s. pneumoniae

h. influenzae

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12
Q

MO that causes diphtheria

A

corynebacterium diptheriae- exotoxin

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13
Q

what causes bronchitis

A

viruses

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14
Q

what causes epiglottitis

A

h. influenzae

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15
Q

what causes pharyngitis

A

cause by viruses

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16
Q

what causes sinusitis

A

s. pneumoniae

h. influenzae

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17
Q

what causes pneumonia

A

viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

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18
Q

MO that causes strep throat

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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19
Q

MO that causes TB

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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20
Q

MO that causes whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

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21
Q

MO that causes pneumonia

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

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22
Q

MO that causes mycoplasma pneumonia

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

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23
Q

another name for mycoplasma pneumonia

A

walking pneumoniae

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24
Q

MO that causes common cold

A

rhinoviruses and many other viruses

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25
Q

MO that causes influenza

A

influenza viruses

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26
Q

viral resp disease in infants

A

RSV

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27
Q

MO that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

zoonosis- spread via rodents

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28
Q

5 respiratory infectious diseases that have vaccines

A 
DIPHTHERIA
TB
WHOPPING COUGH
PNEUMONIA
INFLUENZA
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29
Q

how is diphtheria spread

A

spread through respiratory droplets

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30
Q

symptoms of diphtheria

A

sore throat w pus- can become severe and kill with complications of heart and kidney failure and paralysis

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31
Q

RSV

A

respiratory syncytial virus infections

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32
Q

SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

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33
Q

what are the possible complications of untreated strep throat

A

can lead to scarlet fever and rheumatic fever

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34
Q

how common is TB

A

1/3 of worlds population has it

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35
Q

what is TB a common complication of

A

AIDS

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36
Q

what is the latency issue of TB

A

generally slowly progresses and/or heals and remains latent to potentially be reactivated

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37
Q

another name for whooping cough

A

pertussis

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38
Q

another name for histoplasmosis

A

spelunker’s disease

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39
Q

what are the major symptoms of whopping cough

A

as disease progresses- mucus and bacteria fill airway and causes violent coughing

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40
Q

how is whopping cough spread

A

direct contact with fluids from nose and mouth of infected people

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41
Q

how common is pneumonia death

A

4th leading cause of death in the US

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42
Q

people pneumonia is most commonly fatal with

A

immunocompromised patients

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43
Q

major symptoms of pneumonia

A

increase fever, chest pain, cough

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44
Q

how is the pneumonia vaccine used

A

protects against 80% of typical pneumonias; it given to elderly and those at risk

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45
Q

what type of disease is legionnaires disease

A

type of pneumonia

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46
Q

how does the MO live in legionnaires disease

A

lives in h2o; air conditioners, humidifiers, showers

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47
Q

the major symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

mild to low grade fever, cough, and headache

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48
Q

what population is mycoplasma pneumonia mostly found

A

5-19

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49
Q

what is the complication of a common cold

A

can predispose some to secondary infections

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50
Q

rhinoviruses and many other viruses

A

common cold

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51
Q

what is the uniqueness of the influenza virus regarding how they change

A

commonly undergo antigenic variation

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52
Q

major symptoms of influenza/flu

A

chills, fever, headache, aches and pain

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53
Q

what symptoms are not part of the real flu

A

usually no GI- no such thing as the stomach flu caused by these virus

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54
Q

how common is RSV

A

most common cause of viral resp disease in infants

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55
Q

what population RSV mostly affects

A

almost all kids are infected by 2 years old

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56
Q

how reinfections of RSV can happen

A

natural immunity is poor; reininfections are common

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57
Q

major symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

fever, muscular pain, cough, difficulty breathing

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58
Q

what is the severity of hantavirus

A

fatality rate 60%

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59
Q

how is hantavirus spread

A

zoonosis through rodents- inhalation of aerosolized rodent feces, urine, and saliva

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60
Q

when and where did the hantavirus first appeared

A

in the 4 corners area of the US in 1993 (CO AZ UT NM)

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61
Q

when and where did the SARS first appeared

A

first reported in china in 2002

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62
Q

major symptoms of SARS

A

increase fever, chills, body aches, dry cough

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63
Q

how are respiratory fungal infections are disseminated

A

via fungal spores in the air (dust)

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64
Q

indicate what population SARS is most problematic

A

immunosupressed

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65
Q

2 respiratory fungal infections

A

histoplasmosis

pneumocystis pneumonia

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66
Q

how common is histoplasmosis

A

most common systemic fungal disease in the US

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67
Q

what is the most common geography of histoplasmosis

A

widespread in OH and MS valleys

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68
Q

how is histoplasmosis spread

A

via dust of bat or bird droppings

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69
Q

symptoms of histoplasmosis

A

resembles TB; rarely fatal

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70
Q

cavities

A

dental caries

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71
Q

inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth

A

periodontitis

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72
Q

inflammation of the gums

A

gingivitis

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73
Q

how dental caries are created

A

enamel dissolved by acids from MOs and attach to tooth

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74
Q

what MO in dental caries

A

s. mutans

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75
Q

what MO causes thrush

A

candida albicans

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76
Q

what are symptoms of thrush

A

white, creamy patches on tongue mucous membrane and corners of mouth

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77
Q

in what population is thrush most common

A

infants, elderly, immunosuppressed

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78
Q

inflammation of the colon

A

colitis

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79
Q

abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid of fluid feces

A

diarrhea

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80
Q

what may cause diarrhea

A

virus, bacterium, protozoan, or helminth

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81
Q

frequent watery stools with blood or mucus and abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration

A

dysentery

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82
Q

what may cause dysentery

A

bacteria and protozoa

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83
Q

inflammation of the intestines -usually sm

A

enteritis

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84
Q

inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach

A

gastritis

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85
Q

inflammation of the mucosal linings of the stomach and intestines

A

gastroenteritis

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86
Q

inflammation of the liver -usually viral

A

hepatitis

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87
Q

MO that causes ulcers

A

heliobacter pylori

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88
Q

MO that causes food poisoning

A

s. aureus enterotoxin

B. cereus, C. perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni

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89
Q

MO that causes pseudomembranous colitis

A

c. difficile

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90
Q

MO that causes cholera

A

vibrio cholerae

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91
Q

MO that causes typhoid fever

A

salmonella typhi

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92
Q

what can helicobacter pylori may cause

A

stomach cancer

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93
Q

what the difference between food poisoning and food borne infections

A

ingesting toxins vs. ingesting MOs and it grows

94
Q

how is pseudomembranous colitis acquired

A

mostly nosocomial with antibiotic use

95
Q

symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis

A

exotoxins cause abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever, electrolyte imbalance, colitis

96
Q

diarrheal disease w/ profuse watery stools, occasional vomiting, rapid dehydration

A

cholera

97
Q

how severe is cholera

A

less than 50% of untreated die; more than 1% with care

98
Q

how is cholera spread

A

via fecal-oral route/contaminated water supplies

99
Q

infection spread via fecal-oral route; pet reptiles; raw eggs and chicken; cutting boards; meat and dairy products

A

salmonellosis

100
Q

what are the symptoms of typhoid fever

A

systemic disease with fever, severe headache, anorexia

101
Q

how is typhoid fever spread

A

via other infected and carriers; via fecal-oral route

102
Q

where is enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 diarrhea found

A

90% of ground meats are contaminated; raw veggies, unpasteurized milk and apple juice

103
Q

how is enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 diarrhea spread

A

via fecal-oral route

104
Q

what is the significance to the CDC with enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 diarrhea

A

its notifiable disease

105
Q

how is enterotoxigenic e. coli diarrhea spread

A

fecal-oral route- contaminated water and food

106
Q

enterotoxigenic e. coli diarrhea symptoms

A

profuse watery diarrhea

107
Q

enterotoxigenic e. coli diarrhea is also known as

A

travelers diarrhea

108
Q

5 viral hepatitis types

A 
hep A
hep B
hep C
hep D
hep E
109
Q

spread via fecal oral route

A

hep A, hep E

110
Q

spread via blood and body fluids

A

hep B

111
Q

via blood; leading cause of liver transplants

A

hep C

112
Q

via blood; especially severe form of hep

A

hep D

113
Q

what is hep A also known as

A

infectious hep

114
Q

what is hep B also known as

A

serum hepatitis

115
Q

how common is viral gastroenteritis

A

most common diseases of humans

116
Q

viral gastroenteritis symptoms

A

nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, headache

117
Q

how is viral gastroenteritis spread

A

via fecal oral route

118
Q

viral gastroenteritis common names

A

stomach flu or 24 hour flu

119
Q

typically spread via contaminated water supplies

A

giardiasis

120
Q

prolonged diarrhea disease

A

giardiasis

121
Q

MO that causes giardiasis

A

giardia lamblia

122
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis spread

A

fecal oral route

123
Q

what are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis

A

severe cholera like diarrhea for 10-14 days

124
Q

what population is cryptosporidiosis a problem for

A

immunosuppressed

125
Q

how is amebiasis spread

A

fecal oral route- contaminated water and food

126
Q

ranges from mild diarrhea to 30+ bowel movements/day and severe dehydration

A

amebiasis

127
Q

where is ascariasis found in the body

A

intestinal ringworm - live on partially digested food

128
Q

how common is ascariasis

A

one of the most widespread worm infections 25%of worlds pop

129
Q

how is ascariasis spread

A

fecal oral route

130
Q

migrate to anus at night to lay eggs- itching

A

pinworms

131
Q

how are pinworms spread

A

fecal oral route - ingest eggs

132
Q

attach to intestine wall and feed on blood and tissue

A

hookworms

133
Q

how are hookworms spread

A

via feces in soil and burrows through skin (bare feet)

134
Q

where were hookworms once common

A

se us

135
Q

attach to intestine wall and drop segments w eggs in feces

A

tapeworms

136
Q

how are tapeworms spread

A

via ingestion of eggs in animal muscles

137
Q

what helminth infection has most infections insignificant

A

trichinellosis

138
Q

worm encysts in muscle usually through uncooked pork, venison, bear and horse meat

A

trichinellosis

139
Q

what is a common and easy way to kill trichinellosis

A

freezing

140
Q

inflammation of the urinary blade; most commonly e. coli

A

cystitis

141
Q

inflammation of the kidneys; most commonly e. coli and preceded to cystitis

A

nephritis

142
Q

inflammation of ureters; usually acquired from spread up from bladder or down from kidneys

A

ureteritis

143
Q

inflammation of the urethra; usually spread sxually

A

urethritis

144
Q

urethritis MOs that cause it

A

chlamydia trachomatis or n. gonorrhoeae

145
Q

inflammation of the bartholin’s ducts in females; lubrication during sex

A

bartholinitis

146
Q

inflammation of the cervix

A

cervicitis

147
Q

inflammation of the endometrium

A

endometritis

148
Q

inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

149
Q

inflammation of the fallopian tubes

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

150
Q

inflammation of the vagina

A

vaginitis

151
Q

what causes vaginitis

A

c. albicans, trichomonas vaginalis, and mixture of bacteria

152
Q

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

A

vulvovaginitis

153
Q

what causes gonorrhea

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

154
Q

what causes syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

155
Q

most frequent cause of nongonococcal urethritis

A

gential chlamydia

156
Q

can lead to PID in females; frequently asymptomatic or very mild

A

gential chlaymidasis

157
Q

males- infects urethra and can lead to sterility if spreads

females-infects cervix and usually asymptomatic but may lead to PID if it spreads

A

gonorrhea

158
Q

how is gonorrhea treated

A

antibiotic

159
Q

how is syphilis treated

A

antibiotic

160
Q

about 3 weeks after exposure; hard painless lesion (chancre)

A

primary

161
Q

4-6 weeks later; skin rash, fever, mucous membrane lesions

A

secondary

162
Q

5-20 years later; damage to CNS, cardiovascular system, visceral organs, bones, sense organs, etc

A

tertiary

163
Q

who died of syphilis in prison

A

al capone

164
Q

how does syphilis show latency

A

because primary and secondary goes away and you don’t think you have it anymore then will show up years later with damage already done

165
Q

symptoms: blisters/vesicles on genitals

how it spreads: sexual transmission

A

genital herpes

166
Q

what is the cure genital herpes

A

no cure

167
Q

explain genital herpes ability to recur

A

it is common

168
Q

sexually transmitted; no cure; but there is a vaccine

A

genital warts

169
Q

what can genital wart virus also cause

A

human papillomaviruses

170
Q

intense itching, copious greenish-yellow smelly discharge in females

A

trichomoniasis

171
Q

MO that causes trichomoniasis

A

trichomonas vaginalis

172
Q

how is trichomoniasis spread

A

sexually transmitted

173
Q

inflammation of the endocardium

A

endocarditis

174
Q

inflammation of the myocardium

A

myocarditis

175
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

pericarditis

176
Q

inflamed and swollen lymph nodes

A

lymphadenitis

177
Q

diseased lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

178
Q

inflamed lymphatic vessels

A

lymphangitis

179
Q

what MO causes plague

A

via flea bite w yersinia pestis

180
Q

what MO causes lyme disease

A

via tick bite w barely burgdorferi

181
Q

what MO causes rocky mo spotted fever

A

via tick bite with rickettsia rickettsii

182
Q

what MO causes AIDS

A

HIV virus

183
Q

what MO causes infectious mononucleosis

A

epstein barr virus

184
Q

what MO causes mumps

A

mumps virus

185
Q

what MO causes viral hemorrhagic disease

A

ebola and marburg viruses

186
Q

what MO causes malaria

A

female anopheles mosquitoes with plasmodium vivax

187
Q

2 circulatory system infectious diseases that have vaccines

A

epidemin typhus fever

mumps

188
Q

what causes typhus and how these MOs are spread

A

rickettsias spread via arthropod vectors

189
Q

most common in SE states and appalachia

A

rocky mt spotted fever

190
Q

feces of louse rubbed into scratch wound; increases mortality rate if untreated

A

epidemic typhus fever

191
Q

feces of flea rubbed into scratch wound

A

endemic typhus fever

192
Q

what are symp of endemic typhus fever

A

same but much less severe

193
Q

how common is endemic typhus fever in the US

A

rare

194
Q

most common arthropod borne disease in US; most prevalent on atlantic coast

A

lyme disease

195
Q

animals that are carriers of lyme disease

A

mice and deer

196
Q

what animal carries plague

A

rodent is common animal vector of the flea

197
Q

what has controlled the plague

A

insecticides and antibiotics

198
Q

crashes immune system and secondary infections occur and cause death

A

HIV infection/AIDS

199
Q

how is aids spread

A

blood and body fluids

200
Q

what is the severity of aids

A

fatality rate is 100% if not treated w anti hiv meds

201
Q

via transfer of saliva and causes fever, sore throat

A

infectious mononucleosis

202
Q

via droplet spread or direct contact w saliva; fever and swelling

A

mumps

203
Q

all cases trace to africa; spreads via infected blood, secretions, internal organs, semen

A

viral hemorrhagic disease

204
Q

systemic infection with cycles of fever, chills, sweating; vomitting and headache

A

malaria

205
Q

where is malaria located

A

in tropical and subtropical countries; nearly 90% from africa

206
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

207
Q

inflammation of brain and spinal cord

A

encephalomyelitis

208
Q

inflammation of the meninges

A

meningitis

209
Q

inflammation of the brain and meninges

A

meningocephalitis

210
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

211
Q

MO that causes tetanus

A

clostridium tetani

212
Q

MO that causes botulism

A

clostridium botulinum

213
Q

MO that causes hansens disease

A

mycobacterium leprae

214
Q

MO that causes bacterial meningitis

A

h. influenzae, neisseria meningitis, s. pneumoniae

215
Q

what type of infection is transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

A

prion infction; spongiform porous

216
Q

another name for tetanus

A

lockjaw

217
Q

another name for hansens disease

A

leprosy

218
Q

painful muscular contractions, spasms, rigid paralysis- resp failure and death

A

tetnus

219
Q

type of food poisoning; usually from improperly home canned nonacid foods

A

botulism

220
Q

via droplet inhalation; can be serious with decrease CSF flow and decrease CNS fxing

A

bacterial meningitis

221
Q

4 nervous system infectious diseases that have vaccines

A

tetanus
meningitis
polio
rabies

222
Q

which disease has 2 vaccines? name them

A

polio; salk and sabin

223
Q

how common is polio is us

A

rare

224
Q

much more common and typically milder; usually nonfatal

A

viral meningitis

225
Q

why is us different than other countries w rabies

A

its rare in us; a lot of cases in other countries and this is caused by no vaccination programs for animals

226
Q

almost always fatal after symptoms start

A

rabies

227
Q

spread via mosquitoes and animal reservoirs

A

arthropodborne viral encephalitis

228
Q

name 2 types of arthropod borne viral encephalitis

A

west nile virus and st. louis

229
Q

most common mosquito transmitted pathogen in us

A

west nile virus

230
Q

what population gets kuru and why

A

tribes in new guinea- cannibalistic rituals

231
Q

what does the pathogen do to people with CJD

A

spongiform degeneration of brain

232
Q

3 GI w vaccines

A

typhoid fever

cholera

microbiology (17 decks)

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