test #4 Flashcards
another term for healthcare associated infections
nosocomial infections
infections acquired in a hospital or other medical facility
healthcare associated infections
how common are healthcare associated infections
about 5% of hospitalized patients get
9 most common healthcare associated infections causes MOs and infections they cause
staphylcoccus aureus- MRSA coagulase-negative staphylococci enterococcus spp- VRE E.coli- UTI pseudomonas aeruginosa- burn infections klebsiella pneumonia enterobacter spp candida albicans- yeast infections c. diff- diarrhea
some characteristics of the MOs that make them more dangerous
70% of the H-A infections involve drug resistant bacteria; many are normal flora in the wrong place
5 most common sites of health care associated infections in order
UTIs surgical site infections lower respiratory infections bloodstream infections other- c.diff, skin, CNS
why are nosocomial UTIs so common
because of catheters
of the 5 most common sites of healthcare associated infections which has the highest mortality rate
lower respiratory infections; primarily pneumonia
7 contributing factors of healthcare associated infections
susceptibility of patients
increase drug resistant pathogens
failure of healthcare workers to follow infection control guidelines.
lengthy more complicated surgeries
overcrowding of hospitals and shortage of staff
increase use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant agents.
overuse and improper use of indwelling medical devices
ex of immunocompromised patients
elderly surgical and burn patients diabetic and cancer patients premature infants and newborns immunosuppressed patients
all practices used to exclude pathogens
medical asepsis
ex, of medical asepsis
handwashing
practices used to all MOs
surgical asepsis
ex of surgical asepsis
sterile instruments
5 ways health care associated infections can be prevented and/or controlled
handwashing asepsis isolation avoid increase use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapies, invasive procedures infection control committee
degree of isolation and specific procedures differ with disease
isolation
types of isolation
source isolation-protect others
reverse isolation- protect patient
to oversee nosocomical data and incidents; ID problems; implement safe practices and procedures; educate hospital staff
infection control committee
what is #1 method of preventing health care associated infections
handwashing
ex of source isolation
patients and employees
ex of reverse isolation
patient
why infections don’t always occur
MO lands where it can’t multiply
person immune to pathogen-prior infection or vaccine
person health and nutrition can influence whether infection occurs or not
normal flora inhibit growth of potential pathogen
antibacterial factors destroy or inhibit MO
in one site
localized infections
ex of localized infections
pimples, boils
spread throughout body usually via lymph or blood
systemic infections
ex of systemic infections
measles
rapid onset and relatively rapid recovery
acute disease
ex of acute disease
colds
intermediate between acute and chronic
subacute
ex of subacute disease
bacterial endocarditis
slow onset and lasts a long time
chronic disease
ex of chronic disease
TB, syphilis
evidence of a disease that is experienced or perceived by the patient; is subjective
symptom
ex of symptom
ache and pain
objective evidence of a disease
sign
ex of sign
BP, pulse rate
first disease; usually acute
primary
follows primary disease because of decrease immunity and opportunistic MO
secondary
meanings of the term virulence
pathogenic
degree of pathogenicity