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SOC100 > Test 3: The Body > Flashcards

Test 3: The Body Flashcards

1
Q

immutability

A

something inherited, fully made up by genes + not product of society

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2
Q

Embodied Selves

A

-societal pressures to make body recognized as proper + right
•immutability: things do not change
•in fact many ways societies impact bodies

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3
Q

Embodied Selves: Perfection and Satisfaction

A

–working on body formed into desirable
-bodies as a task: requires daily care + attention
+ something to work on
-society sets standard for desirable + approved shape
•standards vary from place to place, context to context, age to age

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4
Q

Discrimination based on the Body

A

-Failure to comply with standards = shame
-subjected to routine discrimination
-disabled ppl + non-accessible buildings
-bodies objects of social conditioning
•not looking presentable, smelling bad
•some no matter what they do, others will still judge them on how they look
•stigma that makes someone feel diff, excluded
•can be structural discrimination

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5
Q

Body as site of Anxiety

A

-industry + set of marketing techniques part of discourses of body: foods good/bad for us
•repository of our emotions, experiences
•conscious of what we our putting in our body

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6
Q

Body as site of Pleasure

A

-industry prompts us to seek sensation: films, soaps, magazines, commercials, books tempt us
-eating + drinking social occasions pleasurable sensations + exciting experiences
•variations in how ppl seek out pleasure

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7
Q

Pursuit of Health and Fitness

A
  • train + exercise to be more healthy + fit
  • Health about restoring state of balance
  • Fitness about pushing oneself ever further
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8
Q

The Body and Desire

A

object of desire

  • ppl see first, always on display
  • tend to judge by what they can see
  • attractiveness, beauty, elegance + charm that will entice others at first.
  • forms first impressions
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9
Q

The Body

A
  • manage it learnt while + how others see us product of common expectations
  • Deviations = reflection + re­action in others
  • different at disadvantage
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10
Q

The Body

A

-shape, way dressed + made up + way it moves: messages
•ppl see themselves that way because that’s what ppl say
•some ppl judged more than others
•problem if it’s the only message taken

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11
Q

The Body and Society

A
  • socially defined

- Enhancing body image to conform to prevailing norms important in urban, industrial societies

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12
Q

The Body and Society: Socially

A

urbanized more opportunities to meet + interact with strangers = desire to transform their bodies

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13
Q

The Body and Society: Technologically

A

created technologies to transform the body
supplements, anti aging cream
•reason why there’s more products out there
•keep you coming back
•concern over body has some universal features

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14
Q

The Body and Society: Economically

A

industrialized: afford tech that transform body

higher in places where there’s disposable income

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15
Q

Social Construction of Disability

A
  • physical/health condition reduces ability to perform tasks would normally do at given stage of life within range of “normal” human activity
  • socially constructed
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16
Q

Social Construction of Disability

A

depend on social attitudes + social + physical environ
•diff definitions
•visible vs. invisible (ppl can perceive at first glance – mental health)

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17
Q

Disability in Contemporary Society

A

number is increasing:
-Advances in medical technology
-born with disabilities more likely to survive infancy
-more willing to report disabilities
•being able to live longer even with a disability
•more awareness + education
•various levels of support

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18
Q

Rehabilitation – Historical Perspective

A

Curing disabilities through med and tech intervention
improve lives of people with disabilities: care, training + education
Integrating people with disabilities into society
•normal is continuum
•being able to allow educational pursuit even with disability

19
Q

Rehabilitation – Historical Perspective

A

some scientists + reformers sought rehab
Others sought to eliminate disability altogether by killing/sterilizing them + preventing them from having children
•contrast shunning of disabled in history
•if you cant cure it, you need to stop it from spreading

20
Q

Ableism

A

-Prejudice and discrimination against disabled
-neglect
-intentional behaviour: active includes name calling
•passive forms include neglect
•disabled saying nothing is wrong, stop attempts to cure + judgements =normalcy of disability

21
Q

Ableism

A

organize themselves + assert normality of disability, + form communities

22
Q

Challenging Ableism:The Normality of Disability

A

assert autonomy + dignity of difference: insist on self-help
•not just waiting for cures, some of them just want to be left alone
•self help instead of medicalized
•for some it is not a tragedy, it’s just a problem because of it’s stigmatize
•coexists with rehab model

23
Q

The Sociology of Mental Illness

A
  • homo not disorder result of gay + lesbian activists, who sought to destigmatize homosexuality
  • demedicalization
24
Q

Sociology of Mental Illness

A

As # mental disorders has grown, so has ppl presumably affected

25
Q

MEDICALIZATION and ADD/ADHD

A

“discovery” of ADHD coincided with development of Ritalin
NA doctors writing >6 mil prescriptions a year for Ritalin
construction creates a huge new patient population

26
Q

Health

A
  • state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
  • doesn’t depend solely on absence of disease/sickness
  • socially defined + varies over time + betw cultures
27
Q

Life expectancy

A

years avg can expect to live increased steadily in Canada
expect to live longer after age 65
Never before in history did vast majority of ppl expect to live to old age
•ability to keep ppl healthy longer
•reduce child mortality

28
Q

INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION AGING

A
  • decreasing fertility
  • declines in # children in pop=proportion older increases
  • declines in mortality concentrated at older ages=larger older age groups
29
Q

Sociology of Health and Aging

A

wide-ranging implications for social security system, housing, education, employment + health care
•social services not sustainable for the aging pop
aging is process of socialization: learning new roles appropriate to different stages of life

30
Q

Sociology of Health and Aging

A

significance varies from one society to the next
Diff societies attach diff meanings to progression through various stages
•we have diff expectations for seniors
•we treat ppl of diff ages diff
•we set responsibilities at diff ages

31
Q

Age in Historical Perspective

A

“babyhood”, a very short childhood + adulthood
most of the pop involved in food production: toddlers, preschoolers, preteens, teenagers, young adults, the middle-aged, older persons did not exist
•much less rigid

32
Q

Ageism

A

prejudice + discrimination basis of age especially towards older persons
-stereotyped as poor, frail, no interest in/capacity for sex, socially isolated + lonely, and lacking full range of abilities in workplace
•death been removed from day to day life
•comfort with death as part of life is less

33
Q

Ageism

A

Factors in ageism:
Lack of knowledge about aging
Lack of interaction among cohorts
Younger people’s fears of their own future

34
Q

INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION AGING

A

most seniors are healthy
-psychological + emotional health + social well-being don’t deteriorate with deteriorating physical health
chronic conditions increases for old: do not necessarily interfere with day-to-day functioning

35
Q

HEALTH AND OLD AGE: Education

A
  • more education: avoid/postpone disability
  • social class, age, gender, race, ethnicity, etc., contribute to differential access to a range of resources that contribute to good or poor health
36
Q

Class Inequalities and Health Care

A

socioeconomic status related to aspects of health + illness: low income die younger age
-experience lower rates of sickness, improved health + longer life expectancies at each step up the income ladder

37
Q

Class Inequalities and Health Care

A

High stress + inability to cope
Diff in earliest stages of development with lifelong consequences
Lack of knowledge
Unequal access to health resources
Environmental exposure (lower quality of food, poor housing, higher incidence of smoking and alcoholic abuse)

38
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A

conditions which people are born, grow, live, work + age, including health system
Focuses on factors: race, class, social inequality
-cannot be controlled by individuals

39
Q

Social Development and Health: Global Perspective

A 
Developing Nations:
High AIDS (Africa)
High infant mortality
Low life expectancy 
Children die from common diseases
Many women die from giving birth
40
Q

The Social Limits of Modern Medicine

A

Hospitals dangerous places
4th-leading cause of death in Canada.
increasingly subjected to antibiotic resistance
social circumstances constrain the success of modern medicine
•lots of mystery + limits to our knowledge
•we build immunity with antibiotics, viruses evolve to grow resistance

41
Q

Recent Challenges to Traditional Medical Science

A
  1. Patient activism: Ppl getting as much knowledge about what’s wrong with you
  2. Holistic medicine/Alternative medicine: Diff solutions at hospital may not be working
  3. enhance scientific medicine to help improve health of Canadians: not just about solving sickness, about keeping body in balance
42
Q

Death and Dying

A

Attitudes toward death + settings vary widely across time + place
Historically, common occurrence at all stages
-now seen as unnatural: largely removed from everyday life
-Most deaths among older persons + in institutional settings

43
Q

Death and Dying

A

•become common for seniors to be isolated in nursing homes + having them spend the rest of their lives there
Canada decided that the right to life, liberty, + security of the person does not include right to take action to end one’s life

44
Q

Body as site of Anxiety

A
  • adverts: making viewer feel like something is not quite right with them, presents solution to feel good about yourself
  • cosmetics, weight loss + diet, hair removal, anti aging
  • lots of diff discourse that tells us what’s good for us
  • difficult not to care about what others think about how we loo

SOC100 (20 decks)

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