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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Test #3 Cancer therapeutics > Flashcards

Test #3 Cancer therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

1/3 of cancer patients are cured with what type of treatment?

A

-Local (surgery, radiotherapy)

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2
Q

What is chemotherapy used for?

A

-Advanced disease or as an adjuvant

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3
Q

When do anticancer drugs usually exert their action?

A

-On cells during cell cycle

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4
Q

T/F Usually a single drug at clinically tolerable doses can cure the cancer by itself

A

False

-Typically requires a combination of drugs or in combination with radiation and/or surgery

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5
Q

What do you use for localized disease where surgery/radiation alone are inadequate?

A

-Chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant

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6
Q

What do you use in addition to local methods such as radiation/surgery to prevent metastasis?

A

-Chemotherapy as an adjuvant

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7
Q

What do you try to optimize when using drug combinations?

A
  • Efficacy
  • Reduced toxicity
  • Optimum scheduling
  • Mechanism of interaction
  • Optimal dosing
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8
Q

What does p53 do? what happens if P53 is mutated?

A
  • Senses sick or abnormal DNA and regulates apoptosis

- If p53 is mutated, it can lead to resistance to radiation therapy and anticancer agents

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9
Q

What is BRCA 1-2 related to?

A

Breast and ovary carcinomas

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10
Q

T/F Acquired resistance often develops with continual exposure to a given anticancer agent

A

True

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11
Q

What is an alkylating agent used to treat cancer?

A

-Cyclophosphamide

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12
Q

What cancers do you use Cyclophosphamide (alkylating agents) to treat?

A
  • Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins lymphoma
  • Leukemia
  • Breast cancer
  • Multiple Myeloma
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13
Q

What do cyclophosphamides do?

A

Transfer their alkyl groups to various cell constituents such as DNA

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14
Q

What is primary induction?

A

-Where chemotherapy is the only treatment for the cancer and is usually with advanced diseases

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15
Q

When treating with cyclophosphamides what is the most common mechanism for cell death?

A

-Alkylations of DNA

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16
Q

What are the adverse effects of Cyclophosphamide?

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Damage to rapidly growing tissues (bone marrow, GI tract, oral mucosa)
  • Carcinogenic in nature
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17
Q

What are some Nitrosoureas used to treat cancer?

A
  • Procarbazine

- Decarbazine

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18
Q

What are Procarbazine and Decarbazine together used for?

A

-Combination regimens for Hodgkins lymphoma

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19
Q

What type of cancer is just Decarbazine used for?

A
  • Melanomas
  • Lymphomas
  • Soft tissue sarcomas
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20
Q

What type of cancer treating drug is Highly lipophilic and used to treat brain tumors?

A

-Nitrosoureas (Procarbazine and Decarbazine)

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21
Q

What is a Platinum analog drug used to treat cancers?

A

-Cisplatin

22
Q

What is Cisplatin used on?

A

-Broad range of solid tumors

23
Q

What are some antimetabolite drugs used to treat cancers/tumors?

A
  • Methyltrexate

- 5-Fluorouractil

24
Q

What do antimetabolites do to treat cancers?

A

-Act on intermediary metabolism of proliferating cells

25
Q

What antimetabolite drug is a folic acid analog?

A

-Methyltrexate

26
Q

Besides cancers what is methyltrexate are used to treat?

A

-Rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

What does methyltrexate interfere with?

A
  • Interferes with formation for DNA and key proteins that inhibits tetrahydrofolate
  • Binds with high affinity to Dihydrofolate reductase
28
Q

What cancers does methyltrexate work on?

A
  • Head and neck cancers

- Breast cancer

29
Q

What are the side effects of Methyltrexate?

A
  • Mucositis

- Diarrhea

30
Q

What does 5-fluorouracil do?

A

-Inhibits thymidine synthesis

31
Q

What cancers does 5-fluorouracil treat?

A
  • Head, neck and GI cancers

- Basal cell carcinoma

32
Q

What are some natural product cancer, chemotherapy drugs?

A
  • Vinblastine (Periwinkle)

- Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloids)

33
Q

What does Vinblastine or vincristine inhibit?

A

-Tubulin polymerization

34
Q

What does tubulin polymerization deal with?

A

-Cytoskeleton component

35
Q

If you inhibit tubulin polymerization what happens to the cell?

A

-Cell division is halted and cell dies

36
Q

What are the side effects of Vinblastine or vincristine?

A
  • Mucositis

- Alopecia

37
Q

What is a semisynthetic drug made from the mandrake plant?

A

-Etoposide

38
Q

What do you use to treat Acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

A

-Vincristine

39
Q

What does Etoposide do?

A

-Inhibit topoisomerase II

40
Q

What are some antitumor antibiotic drugs?

A

-Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin and Bleomycin)

41
Q

What do doxorubicin and bleomycin treat?

A
  • Breast cancer

- Hodgkins lymphoma

42
Q

What type of antibiotics are antitumor drugs?

A

-Anthracyclines

43
Q

What is Erlotineb?

A
  • Drug used to treat cancers

- Antagonize epidermal growth factor receptors

44
Q

What is another name for Imatinib?

A

-Gleevac

45
Q

What is Imatinib effect against? How does it work?

A
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia

- Blocks a form of tyrosine kinase enzyme

46
Q

What is the most common leukemia in adults?

A

-Acute myeloid leukemia

47
Q

What drugs do you use to treat Hodgkins lymphoma?

A

ABVD

  • Doxorubicin
  • Bleomygin
  • Vinclastin
  • Vincristine (vinca alkaloids)
48
Q

tumor resistance to cyclophosphamides (alkylating agents) can be caused by ___

A

increased ability of the cancer cells to repair damaged DNA

49
Q

T or F: hodgkin’s lymphoma is much better controlled today

A

true

50
Q

the treatment of breast cancer is much more effective today due to ___

A

early treatments

51
Q

prostate cancer affects 1 in ___ men

A

8

52
Q

what is the treatment of prostate cancer?

A

eliminate testosterone production through surgery castration

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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