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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > TEST #3 Breast > Flashcards

TEST #3 Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common symptoms of Breast disease?

A
  • Pain
  • Palpable masses
  • Nipple discharge
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2
Q

When do you start screening women with mammography and why?

A

-around 40 yrs old because younger women have denser breast tissue making it difficult to identify a mass

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3
Q

What can acute mastitis cause?

A

-Breast abscesses and necrosis

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4
Q

Who is acute mastitis typically associated with?

A

-Women who are breast feeding

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5
Q

What can cause acute mastitis?

A

-Plugged ducts and can be infectious or non-infectous

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6
Q

What is fat necrosis usually associated with?

A

-Trauma from a seat belt during an accident

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7
Q

What are some breast diseases that can mimic cancer?

A
  • Acute mastitis
  • Fat necrosis
  • Breast cysts
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8
Q

What do mammographies detect?

A

-Density

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9
Q

Mammograms can show _______ distortions and identifies _______?

A
  • Architectural

- Calcification

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10
Q

What percent of breast cancers that are not detected by mammography can be detected by palpitation?

A

10%

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11
Q

T/F mammograms are 85-90% predictive

A

True

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12
Q

What are fibrocystic changes seen in breast cysts?

A
  • Fibrosis
  • Cysts
  • Palpable changes that can make detection of breast cancer difficult
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13
Q

T/f You have a higher risk of breast cancer in the aggressively proliferative breast cysts

A

True

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14
Q

What age do breast cysts usually occur?

A

20-40 yrs

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15
Q

T/F Breast cysts typically occur after menopause

A

False

-Do not typically occur after menopause

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16
Q

What are the most common benign breast neoplasms?

A

-Fibroadenomas

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17
Q

Fibroadenomas are not typically removed unless what?

A

-They are uncomfortable

18
Q

T/F Breast carcinomas are common before age 25

A

False

-They rarely occur before 25

19
Q

What type of societies do you see most breast carcinomas?

A

-Affluent societies with no regard of race suggesting that it is mostly caused by the environment

20
Q

Bye the age of 70 yrs old what is the incidence of breast carcinoma?

A

-30%

21
Q

What is the fatality of breast carcinomas?

A

1 out of 9

22
Q

What percent of Breast carcinomas are inherited?

A

-5-10%

23
Q

What are the most common inherited genes correlated with breast carcinomas?

A

-BRCA 1 and 2 (Single strong gene factor)

24
Q

What is the familial tendency risk for breast carcinomas?

A

20-30%

25
Q

What does family tendency mean for breast carcinomas?

A

Not a single strong gene but a pattern of occurrence in family

26
Q

What percent of breast carcinomas are sporadic?

A

70-80%

27
Q

How many cases of new breast cancers in U.S/yr?

A

-250000

28
Q

What are environmental factors that can lead to a higher risk of breast cancers?

A
  • Diet high in animal fat
  • Obesity
  • Delayed first pregnancy
29
Q

What are they symptoms of breast cancers?

A
  • Pain
  • Masses
  • Swollen pitted surface and enlarged axillary lymph nodes
30
Q

What is a pitted surface in breast cancer known as?

A

Peau d’orange

31
Q

How are masses in breast cancer assessed?

A
  • Palpitation
  • Mammography
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI
  • Tissue biopsy
32
Q

What is the prognosis of breast cancer based on?

A
  • Size
  • Axillary node status
  • Distant metastasis
33
Q

If you have stage 0 (early stage) breast cancer what is your 5 yr survival rate?

A

-92%

34
Q

If you have stage IV (late stage) Breast cancer what is your 5 yr survival rate?

A

-13%

35
Q

If the tumor expresses estrogen/progesterone receptors, it often responds to what type of treatment?

A

-Hormonal

36
Q

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

A

-Invasive carcinoma (75-85%)

37
Q

T/F Most types of breast cancer are adenocarcinomas

A

True

38
Q

Where do the adenocarcinomas in breast cancer originate from?

A

-Epithelial cells in the terminal ducts

39
Q

What do you do to remove smaller breast cancer masses?

A

-Lumpectomies

40
Q

What percent of women have microscopic cysts associated with epithelial tissue?

A

60%

41
Q

In benign epithelial lesions associated with the breast what type of changes do you typically see?

A

-Fibrotic changes

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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