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Human disease and therapeutics 2020 > Test #3 Antiinflammatory drugs/ anti-acne drugs/ muscle relaxants > Flashcards

Test #3 Antiinflammatory drugs/ anti-acne drugs/ muscle relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of NSAIDS?

A

-Decrease Pain and inflammation

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2
Q

What are the side effects of COX I inhibitors?

A
  • GI
  • Bleeding
  • Kidney side effects
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3
Q

What are the side effects of COX II inhibitors?

A
  • MI
  • Stroke
  • Hypertension
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4
Q

What are non-selective COX I and II inhibitor drugs?

A
  • Aspirin
  • Ibuprofen
  • Naproxen
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5
Q

What is a selective COX II inhibitor?

A

-Celecoxib

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6
Q

What are adverse effects common for all NSAIDS?

A

Tinnitis (CNS) and skin rashes

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7
Q

What are CVS adverse effects of NSAIDs?

A

-Hypertension (COX-II)

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8
Q

What are GI adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A
  • Nausea
  • Ulcers
  • Bleeding
  • COX-I
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9
Q

What are Hepatic adverse effects of NSAIDS

A

-Altered liver functions (COX-I)

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10
Q

What are Pulmonary adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A

-Asthma (COX-I)

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11
Q

What are skin adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A

-Rashes (all NSAIDs)

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12
Q

What are Renal adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A
  • Insufficiency (COX-I and II)

- can have renal failure in extreme cases

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13
Q

Glucocorticoids have a dramatic effect on what?

A

-Inflammation and slowing bone erosions in RA

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14
Q

What are the side effects of glucocorticoids? how can you minimize the side effects?

A
  • Loss of muscle mass
  • Osteoporosis
  • Diabetogenesis
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Round face
  • Buffalo hump
  • minimize side effects by applying close to site of inflammation
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15
Q

What is a long acting glucocorticoids?

A

-Dexamethasone

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16
Q

What are short to medium acting glucocorticoids?

A
  • Cortisone

- Prednisone

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17
Q

What are some examples of DMARDS drugs?

A
  • Methotrexate

- Sulfasalazine

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18
Q

What do DMARDS do?

A

-Decrease inflammation and slow bone damage in RA

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19
Q

What is Entanercept?

A
  • Anti-rhumatic/anti-autoimmune disease

- It inhibits inflammation by blocking TNF

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20
Q

What is Infliximab?

A
  • Antibody that blocks TNF

- used to treat inflammatory diseases

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21
Q

What is the cause of acne vulgaris?

A

-Inflammation/bacterial infection of plugged sebaceous glands

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22
Q

What do topical keratolytics do?

A
  • Treat acne vulgaris

- Remove keratin layer and opens sebaceous glands (also used as wart removers)

23
Q

What are two topical keratolytics?

A
  • Salicylic acid

- Benzoyl peroxide

24
Q

What are antibiotics used to treat acne vulgaris?

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Tetracycline
  • Clindamycin
  • Metronidazole
  • Dapsone
25
Q

What are Retinoids?

A

-Vitamin A derivatives

26
Q

What is a topical Retinoid?

A

-Retin A (Tretinoin)

27
Q

What is a systemic Retinoid?

A

-Isotretinoin (Accutane)

28
Q

What are the side effects of Retinoids?

A
  • Dry skin
  • Sores
  • Major birth defects with isotretinoin
29
Q

What are non-drug treatments to control acne vulgaris?

A
  • UV phototherapy (acne causing bacteria are UV sensitive)

- Diet therapy

30
Q

Muscle relaxants enhance levels of inhibition usually via what pathway?

A

-CNS (GABA mediated)

31
Q

What type of muscle relaxants reduce muscle stretch reflex?

A

-Antispasmotics

32
Q

What are five antispasmotic drugs?

A
  • Diazepam
  • Baclofen
  • Dantrolene
  • Carisoprodol
  • Tizanidine
33
Q

What is Baclofen?

A
  • GABA b agonist

- Antispasmotic

34
Q

What is Dantrolene?

A
  • Alters Ca 2+ trafficking

- Antispasmotic

35
Q

What drug used as an antispasmotic, works at the soma, and may have some dependence problems?

A

-Carisoprodol

36
Q

What is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug?

A
  • D-Tubocurarine

- Pancuronium

37
Q

What does D-Tubocurarine do?

A

-Block ganglionic nicotinic receptor

38
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors block by overwhelming the blockade with what?

A

-ACh

39
Q

What is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking?

A

-Succinylcholine

40
Q

How does succinylcholine block ganglionic nicotinic receptors?

A

-By desensitizing (overstimulating)

41
Q

Does an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor reverse succinylcholine?

A

No

42
Q

What are some viral thymidine kinase-dependent types of drugs used to treat singles and herpes?

A
  • Acyclovir

- Famicyclovir

43
Q

What is Zovirax or Denavir?

A

-Acyclovir drugs (ointments)

44
Q

What drug is most effective for HSV 1 and 2 but is less potent on VZV?

A

-Acyclovir

45
Q

What drug is effective against VZV and herpes viruses and is longer acting than acyclovir?

A

-Famicyclovir

46
Q

What are some non-thymidine kinase dependent antiviral drugs?

A
  • Foscarnet

- less of a resistant problem than thymidine kinase-dependent types

47
Q

What are topical drugs used for cold sores/recurrent HSV?

A
  • Denavir cream (Penicyclovir)
  • Zovirax
  • both are acyclovirs
48
Q

what can chronic inflammation lead to?

A
  • cancers
  • pulmonary disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • diabetes
  • alzheimers disease
  • oral diseases (periodontal tissues)
  • neurological diseases
  • arthritis
49
Q

how do glucocorticoids work?

A

block upstream mediators of inflammatory cascade by inhibiting phospholipases

50
Q

what are the uses of glucocorticoids?

A
  • allergic reactions
  • GI diseases (inflammatory bowel disease)
  • infections (sepsis)
  • joint inflammation (RA)
  • skin diseases (dermatitis)
  • pulmonary (asthma)
51
Q

how are DMARDs potentially more toxic than other options?

A
  • severe hepatotoxicity
  • stomatitis
  • immunosuppression
52
Q

how do retinoids work to treat acne?

A
  • increase exfoliation and clears follicles

- reduces sebum production and opens follicles

53
Q

what are D-tubocurarine and pancuronium blocked by?

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

54
Q

how can you get the best effects of antiviral use for shingles and herpes?

A

use early in infection

Human disease and therapeutics 2020 (60 decks)

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