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Flashcards in Test 3 Deck (96)
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1
Q

True or false an allele is a particular form of a gene

A

True

2
Q

True or false Huntington’s chorea is an autosomal recessive disorder the offers immunity to malaria as one of its side effects

A

False

3
Q

The end result of meiosis in females is the creation of blank genetically unique blank

A

Four, ova

4
Q

And anaphase one the blank separate and anaphase two the blank separate

A

homologous pairs, sister chromatids

5
Q

True or false in metaphase two there’s only one column of chromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell

A

True

6
Q

True or false DNA replication occurs before mitosis but not meiosis

A

False

7
Q

Crossing over occurs between blank during blank

A

Non-sister chromatids, late prophase one

8
Q

Is chromosome number reduced during meiosis one or meiosis two if a male teraploid (4n) organism undergoes meiosis what will the ploidy level of it’s sperm be

A

Meiosis two, 2n

9
Q

True or false centromere split during anaphase two

A

True

10
Q

True or false down syndrome is caused by the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

A

True

11
Q

During meiosis one the allele pairs are blank resulting in each gamete caring blank alleles for each gene

A

Separated, one

12
Q

Diploid equals

A

Mitosis

13
Q

Haploid equals

A

Meiosis

14
Q

True or false both haploid and diploid cells are capable of mitosis

A

True

15
Q

True or false haploid cells are unable to perform meiosis

A

False

16
Q

Can you tell if an organism is heterozygous for trait basically on it’s phenotype

A

No because that is just the physical characteristics you would need the genotype

17
Q

True or false Gregor Mendel is Pea plant experiments prove that heredity works by blending

A

True

18
Q

What happens during meiosis two

A

Divides remaining set of chromosomes it is a mitosis-like process (division)

19
Q

True or false gamete nuclei are formed during the process of gametogenesis

A

True

20
Q

What is gametogenesis

A

The process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes

21
Q

Homologous chromosomes separate during

A

Anaphase one

22
Q

Homologous chromosomes condense pair up and swap segments

A

Prophase one

23
Q

Chromosomes condense and spindle microtubules attach to each sister chromatid as the nuclear envelope breaks

A

Prophase two

24
Q

Sister chromatids separate

A

Anaphase 2

25
Q

The end result of meiosis in male is the creation of blank distinct nuclei

A

Four

26
Q

True or false crossing over during mitosis results in the creation of two genetically unique daughter cells

A

Should say during meiosis

27
Q

True or false during metaphase two there are two columns of chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

A

False

28
Q

The contact points were chromatid arms and or twine during crossing over are called

A

Chiasmata

29
Q

The centralized region joining two sister chromatids

A

Centromeres

30
Q

True or false a child with AB blood type is an example of codominance

A

True

31
Q

What happens during meiosis two

A

Divides remaining set of chromosomes it is a mitosis-like process (division)

32
Q

True or false gamete nuclei are formed during the process of gametogenesis

A

True

33
Q

What is gametogenesis

A

The process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes

34
Q

Homologous chromosomes separate during

A

Anaphase one

35
Q

Homologous chromosomes condense pair up and swap segments

A

Prophase one

36
Q

Chromosomes condense and spindle microtubules attach to each sister chromatid as the nuclear envelope breaks

A

Prophase two

37
Q

Sister chromatids separate

A

Anaphase 2

38
Q

The end result of meiosis in male is the creation of blank distinct nuclei

A

Four

39
Q

True or false crossing over during mitosis results in the creation of two genetically unique daughter cells

A

Should say during meiosis

40
Q

True or false during metaphase two there are two columns of chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

A

True

41
Q

The contact points were chromatid arms and or twine during crossing over are called

A

Chiasmata

42
Q

The centralized region joining two sister chromatids

A

Centromeres

43
Q

True or false a child with AB blood type is an example of codominance

A

True

44
Q

What is codominance

A

Hey condition in which both alleles of a gene pair and a heterozygote are fully expressed with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other

45
Q

The correct number of sets of chromosomes in an organism

A

Euploidy

46
Q

Only one set of chromosomes when there should be more

A

Monoploidy

47
Q

Having three or more sets of chromosomes

A

Polyploidy

48
Q

Variation in the number of chromosomes

A

aneuploidy

49
Q

Loss of one homologous chromosome pair (2N-2)

A

Nullisomy

50
Q

Loss of a single chromosome (2N-1)

A

Monosomy

51
Q

Single, extra chromosome (2N+1)

A

trisomy

52
Q

Extra chromosome pair (2N+2)

A

Tetrasomy

53
Q

Why are sex linked recessive disorders such as color blindness affect males more often and females

A

Because males only have one X chromosome and females have two

54
Q

One gene influences greater than one trait

A

Pleiotropic affects

55
Q

When gene influences expression of another

A

Epistasis

56
Q

A child exhibits mild down syndrome that has the normal number of 21 chromosomes another chromosome is abnormally long what type of chromosomal mutation is probably responsible for this

A

Translocation

57
Q

Effect of loops at synapses on recombination frequency

A

Deletion

58
Q

Multiple genes on same chromosome

A

Linkage

59
Q

Shorthand notation you would use to indicate a tetraploid condition

A

4N

60
Q

Syndromes resulting from sex linked chromosomal mutations

A

Turners and Kleinfleters

61
Q

The general term applied to an organism whose body cells do not have the normal number of chromosomes

A

Aneuploid

62
Q

What two types of chromosomal mutations can result in loops between chromatids at synopsis

A

Deletion an inversion

63
Q

What Mendelian law would low recombination frequency violate

A

Independent assortment

64
Q

Multiplication of a segment of a chromosome

A

Duplication

65
Q

Segment of chromosome is cut out and flipped over

A

Inversion

66
Q

Chromosome segments are moved to a different location on same or different chromosome

A

Translocation

67
Q

Part of the chromosome is missing

A

Deletion

68
Q

True or false crossing over occurs during late prophase two between nonsister chromatids

A

False it occurs very early in prophase one

69
Q

Homologous chromosomes are

A

Carrot the same genes and have the same centromere position

70
Q

A female with blood type B is cost of blood type O male because I have a child with blood type

A

No because blood type B is dominant over blood type o

71
Q

Colorblindness is a x linked trait a colorblind male is crossed with the carrier female which of the following statements would you expect to be true about their children

A

Half of the resulting sons and daughters will be colorblind

72
Q

True or false homologous chromosomes carry the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles

A

True

73
Q

What are the three laws proposed by Gregor Mendel

A

Law of segregation Law of independent assortment Law of dominance

74
Q

Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair

A

Law of segregation

75
Q

Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another

A

Law of independent assortment

76
Q

An organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant

A

Law of dominance

77
Q

in snapdragons the dominant allele R codes for red flower color and the recessive allele r codes for white flower color. A homozygous dominant red flower is crossed with a white flour with all of the offspring of being a pink this is an example of

A

Incomplete dominance

78
Q

The meiotic error that is responsible for trisomy 21 is called blank

A

Non-dis junction

79
Q

Non-disjunction

A

The failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes to separate during nuclear division

80
Q

What is the genotypic ratio of F2 offspring for a dihybrid cross

A

9:3:3:1

81
Q

Human skin color is an example of

A

Polygenic inheritance

82
Q

Many genes will contribute to a single affect

A

Polygenic inheritance

83
Q

What is an example of pleiotropy

A

Hair color

84
Q

Genes with multiple phenotypic effects/1 gene can cause multiple effects

A

Pleiotropy

85
Q

Explain what it means for two genes to be linked

A

Genes are attached to each other it’s alleles are close together on chromosomes and will be inherited together through meiosis

86
Q

A blank results when a segment of chromosomes is excised and reintegrated in an orientation 180° from its original orientation

A

Inversion

87
Q

Produce in meiosis 2/half number of chromosomes usually have and a single set of unpaired chromosomes

A

Haploid

88
Q

Number of chromosomes of the cell single set of chromosomes paired

A

Monoploidy

89
Q

A female born with only one X chromosome has which condition

A

Turner syndrome

90
Q

A male is born with one or more extra X-chromosome

A

Klinefelter syndrome

91
Q

Females have 3X chromosomes

A

Trisomy X syndrome

92
Q

Deals with one allele

A

Mono hybrid

93
Q

Deals with two alleles

A

Dihybrid

94
Q

True or false and Mendels dihybrid cross the F2 phenotypic ratio was 9:3:3:1

A

True

95
Q

What is the phenotypic ratio in a mono hybrid

A

3:1

96
Q

What is the genotypic ratio and a mono hybrid

A

1:2:1