True or false an allele is a particular form of a gene
True
True or false Huntington’s chorea is an autosomal recessive disorder the offers immunity to malaria as one of its side effects
False
The end result of meiosis in females is the creation of blank genetically unique blank
Four, ova
And anaphase one the blank separate and anaphase two the blank separate
homologous pairs, sister chromatids
True or false in metaphase two there’s only one column of chromosomes aligned in the middle of the cell
True
True or false DNA replication occurs before mitosis but not meiosis
False
Crossing over occurs between blank during blank
Non-sister chromatids, late prophase one
Is chromosome number reduced during meiosis one or meiosis two if a male teraploid (4n) organism undergoes meiosis what will the ploidy level of it’s sperm be
Meiosis two, 2n
True or false centromere split during anaphase two
True
True or false down syndrome is caused by the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
True
During meiosis one the allele pairs are blank resulting in each gamete caring blank alleles for each gene
Separated, one
Diploid equals
Mitosis
Haploid equals
Meiosis
True or false both haploid and diploid cells are capable of mitosis
True
True or false haploid cells are unable to perform meiosis
False
Can you tell if an organism is heterozygous for trait basically on it’s phenotype
No because that is just the physical characteristics you would need the genotype
True or false Gregor Mendel is Pea plant experiments prove that heredity works by blending
True
What happens during meiosis two
Divides remaining set of chromosomes it is a mitosis-like process (division)
True or false gamete nuclei are formed during the process of gametogenesis
True
What is gametogenesis
The process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes
Homologous chromosomes separate during
Anaphase one
Homologous chromosomes condense pair up and swap segments
Prophase one
Chromosomes condense and spindle microtubules attach to each sister chromatid as the nuclear envelope breaks
Prophase two
Sister chromatids separate
Anaphase 2
The end result of meiosis in male is the creation of blank distinct nuclei
Four
True or false crossing over during mitosis results in the creation of two genetically unique daughter cells
Should say during meiosis
True or false during metaphase two there are two columns of chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
False
The contact points were chromatid arms and or twine during crossing over are called
Chiasmata
The centralized region joining two sister chromatids
Centromeres
True or false a child with AB blood type is an example of codominance
True
What happens during meiosis two
Divides remaining set of chromosomes it is a mitosis-like process (division)
True or false gamete nuclei are formed during the process of gametogenesis
True
What is gametogenesis
The process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes
Homologous chromosomes separate during
Anaphase one
Homologous chromosomes condense pair up and swap segments
Prophase one
Chromosomes condense and spindle microtubules attach to each sister chromatid as the nuclear envelope breaks
Prophase two
Sister chromatids separate
Anaphase 2
The end result of meiosis in male is the creation of blank distinct nuclei
Four
True or false crossing over during mitosis results in the creation of two genetically unique daughter cells
Should say during meiosis
True or false during metaphase two there are two columns of chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
True
The contact points were chromatid arms and or twine during crossing over are called
Chiasmata
The centralized region joining two sister chromatids
Centromeres
True or false a child with AB blood type is an example of codominance
True
What is codominance
Hey condition in which both alleles of a gene pair and a heterozygote are fully expressed with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other
The correct number of sets of chromosomes in an organism
Euploidy
Only one set of chromosomes when there should be more
Monoploidy
Having three or more sets of chromosomes
Polyploidy
Variation in the number of chromosomes
aneuploidy
Loss of one homologous chromosome pair (2N-2)
Nullisomy
Loss of a single chromosome (2N-1)
Monosomy
Single, extra chromosome (2N+1)
trisomy
Extra chromosome pair (2N+2)
Tetrasomy
Why are sex linked recessive disorders such as color blindness affect males more often and females
Because males only have one X chromosome and females have two
One gene influences greater than one trait
Pleiotropic affects
When gene influences expression of another
Epistasis
A child exhibits mild down syndrome that has the normal number of 21 chromosomes another chromosome is abnormally long what type of chromosomal mutation is probably responsible for this
Translocation
Effect of loops at synapses on recombination frequency
Deletion
Multiple genes on same chromosome
Linkage
Shorthand notation you would use to indicate a tetraploid condition
4N
Syndromes resulting from sex linked chromosomal mutations
Turners and Kleinfleters
The general term applied to an organism whose body cells do not have the normal number of chromosomes
Aneuploid
What two types of chromosomal mutations can result in loops between chromatids at synopsis
Deletion an inversion
What Mendelian law would low recombination frequency violate
Independent assortment
Multiplication of a segment of a chromosome
Duplication
Segment of chromosome is cut out and flipped over
Inversion
Chromosome segments are moved to a different location on same or different chromosome
Translocation
Part of the chromosome is missing
Deletion
True or false crossing over occurs during late prophase two between nonsister chromatids
False it occurs very early in prophase one
Homologous chromosomes are
Carrot the same genes and have the same centromere position
A female with blood type B is cost of blood type O male because I have a child with blood type
No because blood type B is dominant over blood type o
Colorblindness is a x linked trait a colorblind male is crossed with the carrier female which of the following statements would you expect to be true about their children
Half of the resulting sons and daughters will be colorblind
True or false homologous chromosomes carry the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles
True
What are the three laws proposed by Gregor Mendel
Law of segregation Law of independent assortment Law of dominance
Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair
Law of segregation
Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another
Law of independent assortment
An organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant
Law of dominance
in snapdragons the dominant allele R codes for red flower color and the recessive allele r codes for white flower color. A homozygous dominant red flower is crossed with a white flour with all of the offspring of being a pink this is an example of
Incomplete dominance
The meiotic error that is responsible for trisomy 21 is called blank
Non-dis junction
Non-disjunction
The failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes to separate during nuclear division
What is the genotypic ratio of F2 offspring for a dihybrid cross
9:3:3:1
Human skin color is an example of
Polygenic inheritance
Many genes will contribute to a single affect
Polygenic inheritance
What is an example of pleiotropy
Hair color
Genes with multiple phenotypic effects/1 gene can cause multiple effects
Pleiotropy
Explain what it means for two genes to be linked
Genes are attached to each other it’s alleles are close together on chromosomes and will be inherited together through meiosis
A blank results when a segment of chromosomes is excised and reintegrated in an orientation 180° from its original orientation
Inversion
Produce in meiosis 2/half number of chromosomes usually have and a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Haploid
Number of chromosomes of the cell single set of chromosomes paired
Monoploidy
A female born with only one X chromosome has which condition
Turner syndrome
A male is born with one or more extra X-chromosome
Klinefelter syndrome
Females have 3X chromosomes
Trisomy X syndrome
Deals with one allele
Mono hybrid
Deals with two alleles
Dihybrid
True or false and Mendels dihybrid cross the F2 phenotypic ratio was 9:3:3:1
True
What is the phenotypic ratio in a mono hybrid
3:1
What is the genotypic ratio and a mono hybrid
1:2:1