Test 3

Question 1

What process in the liver increases after you have run out of glucose and glycogen?

Answer 1

Beta-oxidation

Question 2

How does an increase in the level of cytoplasmic NAD affect ATP production in mitochondria?

Answer 2

ATP production increases

Question 3

What is a function of mesenteries?

Answer 3

Stabilize organs of abdominal cavity. Provide route for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels to and from the digestive tract. Prevent intestines from being tangled with changes in body position.

Question 4

What is the primary role of the TCA cycle in the production of ATP?

Answer 4

Transfer electrons from substrates to coenzymes

Question 5

What path does air take when flowing from the glottis to respiratory membrane?

Answer 5

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

Question 6

What role do the nasal conchae play in the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Trapping airborne particles in mucous. Warming and humidifying incoming air. Bringing olfactory stimulation to olfactory receptors.

Question 7

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract called?

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

Functions of the stomach include all of the following EXCEPT?

Answer 8

Absorption of triglycerides

Question 9

What is the primary source of flatus emitted from the intestines?

Answer 9

Indigestible carbohydrates acted on by bacteria

Question 10

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

Answer 10

Large intestine

Question 11

If surfactant is not produced,alveoli__ due to___.

Answer 11

Collapse; increase in surface tension

Question 12

Parietal cells secrete?

Answer 12

Hydrochloric acid

Question 13

The pylorus empties into the?

Answer 13

Duodenum

Question 14

4 major layers of the GI tract are?

Answer 14

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning the efficiency of gas exchange?

Answer 15

The difference in parietal pressure across the respiratory membrane is minimal

Question 16

Sometimes called “good cholesterol,”___ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

Answer 16

High density lipoproteins(HDL’s)

Question 17

Which type of epithelium lines the intestines, and why?

Answer 17

Simple columnar epithelium; because this area is involved with the absorption of nutrients

Question 18

The basic functional unit of the liver is the?

Answer 18

Lobule

Question 19

What contributes to the increased amount of urea in blood during the post absorptive state?

Answer 19

Protein digestion

Question 20

Why is catabolism of dietary carbohydrates and proteins considered “not as productive” as catabolism of lipids?

Answer 20

Lipids release almost twice the energy of proteins or carbohydrates

Question 21

The major histological differences between the large intestine and small intestine are that the large intestine__.

Answer 21

Lacks villi, has abundant goblet cells, and has deeper intestinal glands

Question 22

How do most chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system?

Answer 22

Through lacteals

Question 23

What is the functional relationship between hemoglobin and pH?

Answer 23

As pH drops,Hbo2 saturation declines

Question 24

The liver has more than 200 critical functions, which of the following in NOT a liver function?

Answer 24

Secretion of CCK, storage and concentration of bile

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the transport of the respiratory gases in blood?

Answer 25

CO2 binds to the Fe2+ center of the hemoglobin molecule

Question 26

Which of the following statements correctly states the absorption of an ion/vitamin?

Answer 26

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed from micelles along with dietary lipids

Question 27

Beyond transport of respiratory gases, how do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems interact?

Answer 27

Regulation of BP by activation of angiotensin 2. Bicarbonate ions contribute to the buffering capacity of blood.

Question 28

What is the electron transport system’s role in the generation of ATP?

Answer 28

It creates a steep concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 29

Why are proteins an impractical source of quick energy, a “last ditch” source of energy?

Answer 29

Proteins are more difficult to break apart than are carbohydrates or lipids. NH4, a by-product of protein catabolism, is toxic. Protein catabolism threatens homeostasis.

Question 30

Why do athletes in intensive training try to maintain a positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 30

They actively synthesize N compounds, so must absorb more than they secrete

Question 31

Why does a diet that is deficient in pyridoxine (vitamin B6) affect protein metabolism?

Answer 31

The first step in amino acid catabolism requires a coenzyme derivative of B6

Question 32

Why does hypervitaminosis more commonly involve fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 32

Excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body lipids

Question 33

What effect does vasoconstriction of peripheral blog vessels have on an individuals body temperature on a hot day?

Answer 33

Increase in body temperature

Question 34

Which of the following is a true statement?

Answer 34

Glycogenesis will facilitate the storage of glucose in cells

Question 35

What is NOT true with regard to glycolysis?

Answer 35

It is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm. The first step of glycolysis phosphorylates glucose and traps it in the cell. The breakdown of glucose can lead to lactic acid accumulation.

Question 36

What process in the liver increases after you have eaten a high-carbohydrate meal?

Answer 36

Glycogenesis