What is maculine
Being straight, power/status, toughness, anti-femininity
Threat to masculinity=
Threat to whole self cause men like to be “manly”
Masculinity of gay men
Most articles= how it affects sex life, partner, dominance in sex
Traditionally masculinity ideology=
Lower quality romantic relationships (gay/straight men)
Female biologically
A person with XX chromosomes considered “female” biologically
Male biologically
A person with XY chromosomes considered “male” biologically
Assigned sex
Label of “female” or “male” given to a baby based on the appearance of genitals at birth
Intersexuality
variations from typical male/female biological sex
Sexual differentiation
The anatomical formation of sex during prenatal development
Sex chromosomes
Pair of chromosomes designed X & Y
Female:XX
Male:XY
Y chromosome produces…
Androgens: cause development and growth on men sex organs
Little research has been done with…
Women
Klinefelter’s syndrome
XXY
Anatomically male
Less “masculine” look
Turner’s syndrome
XO
Loss of androgens
Look like females
Typically identify as girls
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
XY Unable to process androgens Male anatomy doesn't develop Look like female Rare Identify as female
Partial Androgen Insensitivity (PAIS)
XY
Big sex organs
Unclear about gender identity
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
XX
Have working internal female organs
May appear as male/female
Most common
Hermaphrodites
Historical label for people with sexuality ambiguous bodies
Hermès and Aphrodite
David Reimer
Botched circumcision
Advised to be raised as a girl
Committed suicide later on
Heterosexism
Discrimination based on sexual orientation
Socially labeled
A woman who kisses another woman at a party but has a boyfriend
Latina/LatinX cultures
Likely to remain in the “closet”
No open support from family, but not disowned
African American Cultures
Sexuality is considered secondary problem to racism
Religiously likely to condemn homosexuality
Asian American Cultures
ANY sexual expression is unacceptable
Both Hetero/homo expression is private
Kinsey scale
Sexual range from heterosexual-bisexual-homosexual
0 - X (1,2,3,4,5,6)
Asexual at the end
Asexuality (ACE)
Lack of sexual attraction
American lesbians and gay men
Consider their sexualities to be inborn rather than chosen
Neuro-hormonal
Fetuses exposed to androgens (male hormones) will be sexually attracted to females
Fetuses exposed to estrogens
(Female hormones) will be sexually attracted to males
Fraternal birth order
Males with older brothers are more likely to be gay
Ambiguous sex (PAIS)
Mostly heterosexual people, raised as boys
Girls with CAH
Slightly more likely to ID as lesbian
Alliance formation
Same sex friends help defend each other
Kinselection
Gay men help with child rearing, increasing offspring among genetic relatives