In 1928 Griffith demonstrated that an unidentified compound from killed cells of the bacterium causing blank could transform harmless bacteria into deadly ones
Pneumonia
In 1944 Avery Macleod and McCarty treated solutions of this transforming principle with digestive enzymes and showed only those treated with blank lost their ability to transform bacteria
DNAase
Hershey and Chase used sulfur to radioactively label blank because they knew it occurred in one of the blank and they used radioactive blank to label the backbone of DNA
Protein, amino acids, phosphate
About the same time chargegoffs study of DNA showed that purine concentrations equals blank concentrations and Adenine concentrations equal blank
Pyrimidine and thymine
RNA is usually blank
Single-stranded
Hydrogen bonding between DNA bases determines how tightly strands are held together strands of DNA from G n C rich molecules separate at blank temperatures then strands of a or t rich DNA
Lower
Elongation of new strands of both DNA and RNA move and what direction
5 to 3
What enzyme denatures the DNA at the start of replication
DNA helicase
The Meselson stall experiments demonstrated that each new DNA molecule is composed of blank strands
One old and one new
What compound is the primer for DNA replication/actually begins it
RNA
Short stretches of DNA synthesized along the lagging strand of the new DNA are called
Okazaki fragments
A codon consist of blank bases
3
Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon so the code is
Redundant
Each codon consist for only one type of amino acid so the code is not
Ambiguous
Enzyme that seals nicks in a DNA backbone
DNA ligase
Functional group that signifies and organic acid chemical formula COOH
Carboxyl
Functional group that signifies an alcohol chemical formula OH
Hydroxyl
Which is/are semi conservative
Replication
Which requires a DNA template
Transcription and replication
Which requires nucleotides
Transcription and replication
Which uses only one strand of DNA at a time
Transcription
Which occurs during interphase
None not transcription replication or translation
Which synthesizes nucleotides
None not transcription replication or translation
Which synthesizes proteins
Translation
Most biological reactions are controlled by organic catalyst called enzymes although each has a different amino acid sequence called it’s blank structure the function of these organic catalyst depend on their blank structure
Primary, tertiary
Each reaction requires an input of energy called blank before it will proceed
Activation energy
The general term for organic molecules that bind permanently to a protein like heme with hemoglobin is
Prosthetic group
The rates of enzyme catalyzed reaction are controlled by concentrations of
Substrate product and Enzyme
Which contains the code for protein
M RNA
Which acts as an enzyme
None not M RNA tRNA or rRNA
Which has an anti-codon
TRNA
Which was produced by the golgi apparatus
Non-not M RNA tRNA or rRNA
Which transfers amino acids to the ribosome
TRNA
Which process does not include repair replication or transcription
Both include repair
Earlier and of course we discussed glycophorin A and integral transmembrane proteins what type of our groups would probably be most common in the segment of that protein that anchors it in the membrane
Hydrophobic/non-polar
What types of r groups might be involved when An enzyme alters charge on the substrate by adding or subtracting hydrogen ion
Acidic and basic
Why might an enzyme deform a substrate in a chemical reaction
Protect a reactive site
What types of bonds are primarily responsible for stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of an Enzyme
Ionic hydrogen and disulfide
Two reasons why simply adding energy to speed up a reaction would not work in a living organism
It would increase metabolism to break down excess fat and it would help maintain body temperature