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Flashcards in Test 1 Deck (91)
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1
Q

Manager

A

someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished

2
Q

First-Line Managers

A

manage the work of non-managerial employees. Deal with employees who are producing the organization’s products or services

3
Q

Middle Managers

A

a manager that works of first-line managers (District, Regional)

4
Q

Top Managers

A

responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization. (President, CEO, CFO, CHRO, COO)

5
Q

Organization

A

a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose (Distinct Purpose, Deliberate Structure, People)

6
Q

Management

A

involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively

7
Q

Efficiency

A

doing things right, or getting the most output from the least amount of inputs

8
Q

Effectiveness

A

Doing the right things, or completing activities so that organizational goals are attained

9
Q

4 Functions of Management

A

planning, organizing, leading, controlling

10
Q

Planning

A

Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities

11
Q

Organizing

A

arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals

12
Q

Leading

A

working with and through people to accomplish goals

13
Q

controlling

A

Monitoring, comparing and correcting work

14
Q

Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles

A

specific actions or behaviors expected of and exhibited by a manager

15
Q

Types of Roles

A

interpersonal, informational, decisional

16
Q

Interpersonal

A

figurehead, leader, liaison

17
Q

informational

A

monitor, disseminator, spokesperson

18
Q

decisional

A

entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator

19
Q

management skills

A

technical, human, conceptual

20
Q

technical

A

Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field

21
Q

human

A

the ability to work well with other people

22
Q

conceptual

A

the ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization

23
Q

Social Media

A

forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share ideas information personal messages and other content

24
Q

External Factors

A

factors and forces outside the organization that affect its performance. Economic, Demographic, Political/legal, Sociocultural, Technological, Global

25
Q

Demographic Environment

A

involves people, and people make up markets Ex: Age

26
Q

Environmental Uncertainty

A

the degree of change and complexity in an organization’s environment

27
Q

stakeholders

A

any constituencies in the organization’s environment that are affected by and organization’s decision and actions

28
Q

Organizational Culture

A

the shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act

29
Q

Perception

A

not something that can be physically touched or seen

30
Q

Descriptive

A

how members perceive the culture and describe it, not with whether they like it

31
Q

Shared

A

even though people have different backgrounds they tend to describe the organization without these influences

32
Q

Strong Cultures

A

organizational cultures in which the key values are intensely held and widely shared

33
Q

Job Specialization

A

in 1776 Adan smith published the wealth of nations

34
Q

Divisions of Labor (Job Specialization)

A

the breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks

35
Q

Contemporary Cultures

A

creating and innovative culture, creating a customer responsive culture, workplace spirituality

36
Q

Regional Trading Alliance

A

global competition and the global economy are shaped by regional trading agreements including (EU, NAFTA, ASEAN)

37
Q

The European Union

A

a union of 28 domestic European nations created as a unified economic and trade entity with the euro as a single common currency

38
Q

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A

an agreement among the Mexican, Canadian, and U.S governments in which barriers to trade have been eliminated

39
Q

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

A

a trading alliance of 10 southeast Asian natio

40
Q

Trade Barriers

A

government-imposed regulations that increase the cost and restrict the number of imported goods

41
Q

Protectionism

A

a government’s use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies and their workers from foreign competition

42
Q

Tariff

A

a direct tax on imported goods

43
Q

Nontariff Barriers

A

nontax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods

44
Q

quota

A

a limit on the number of volume of imported goods

45
Q

Subsidies

A

Government loans grants and taxes deferments given to domestic companies to protect them from foreign competition

46
Q

Voluntary Export Restraints

A

voluntarily imposed limits on the number or volume of products exported to a particular country

47
Q

Government Import Standards

A

a standard established to protect the health and safety of citizens but often used to restrict imports

48
Q

Customs Classifications

A

a classification assigned to imported products by government officials that affects the size of the tariff and the imposition of import quotas

49
Q

General Agreement on Tariffs and trade (GATT)

A

a worldwide trade agreement that reduced and eliminated tariffs, limited government subsidies, and established protections for intellectual property

50
Q

World Trade Organization

A

the successor of GATT: the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations; its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly predictably and freely as possible

51
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

an organization of 188 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world

52
Q

World Bank Group

A

a group of very closely associated institutions that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries

53
Q

Global Sourcing

A

purchasing materials from around the world wherever it is cheapest

54
Q

Exporting

A

Making products domestically and selling them abroad

55
Q

Importing

A

acquiring products made abroad and selling them domestically

56
Q

Licensing

A

an organization gives another organization the right to make or sell its products using its technology or product specifications

57
Q

Franchising

A

an organization gives another organization the right to use its name and operating methods

58
Q

Strategic Alliance

A

a partnership between an organization and foreign company partners in which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products or building production facilities

59
Q

Licensor

A

The owner of copyrighted, patented, or trademarked material

60
Q

Licensee

A

One who receives a license to use, or enter onto, another’s property.

61
Q

Joint Venture

A

a specific type of strategic alliance in which the partners agree to form a separate independent organization for some business purpose

62
Q

Foreign Subsidiary

A

directly investing in a foreign country by setting up a separate and independent production facility or office

63
Q

Political/Legal Environment

A
  • U.S. managers are accustomed to a stable legal and political system
  • Managers must stay informed of the specific laws in countries where they do business
  • Some countries have risky political climates
64
Q

Economic Environment

A

Free market Economy and Planned Economy

65
Q

Free Market Economy

A

an economic system in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector

66
Q

Planned Economy

A

an economic system in which economic decisions are planned by a central government

67
Q

Cultural Environment

A

national culture

68
Q

National Culture

A

the values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and beliefs about what is important

69
Q

Power distance

A

extent to which powerful members in a country expect & accept that power is distributed unequally

70
Q

Individualism vs collectivism

A

describes whether a person functions primarily as an individual or as part of a group

71
Q

Masculinity

A

Values such as assertiveness, acquiring money and goods, and competition prevail

72
Q

Feminity

A

Values such as relationships and concern for others prevail

73
Q

Uncertainty Avoidance

A

the extent to which members in a culture accept or avoid ambiguous situations and uncertainty

74
Q

Longer term orientation vs short term

A

dimension of how much emphasis is placed on perseverance and savings for future betterment

75
Q

Indulgence vs restraint

A

the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses

76
Q

Workforce Diversity

A

Ways in which people in a workforce are similar and different from one another in terms of gender, age, race, sexual orientation, ethnicity, cultural background, and physical abilities and disabilities

77
Q

Surface-Level Diversity

A

easily perceived differences that may trigger certain stereotypes but that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel

78
Q

Deep-Level Diversity

A

Differences in values personality and work preferences

79
Q

People Management

A
  • Better use of employee talent
  • Increased quality of team problem-solving efforts
  • Ability to attract and retain employees of diverse backgrounds
80
Q

Organizational Performance

A

Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits
Enhanced problem-solving ability
Improved system flexibility

81
Q

Strategic

A

increased understanding of the marketplace which improves the ability to better market to diverse consumers

82
Q

Work force diversity Age and Gender

A

Title VII of Civil rights act 1964, Age discrimination employment act of 1967

83
Q

Disability/ability

A

the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities

84
Q

Bias

A

a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc., are better than others that usually results in treating some people unfairly

85
Q

prejudice

A

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

86
Q

Stereotyping

A

judging a person based on a perception of a group to which that person belongs

87
Q

Discrimination

A

When someone acts out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice

88
Q

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Forbids discrimination on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, or national origin in all areas of the employment relationship

89
Q

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

A

Prohibits discrimination against workers over the age of 40 and restricts mandatory retirement

90
Q

benefits of diversity

A

people management
organizational performance
strategic benefits

91
Q

characteristics of an organization

A

distinct purpose
deliberate structure
people