Level of organization, multiple species living and interacting in the same area
Community
Level of organization, multiple cells of same type working together to serve a function
Tissue
Level of organization, structure composed of more than one type of tissue
Organ
Repeated failure to falsify a hypothesis leads to being termed a blank
Scientific theory
After S phase and before mitosis each chromosome is made up of two blank
Chromatids
In what cells will you find a haploid number of chromosomes
Gametes/eggs and sperm
In which phase does the nuclear membrane form around the new nuclei
Telophase
Phase when centromere’s divide and chromosomes begin to separate
Anaphase
The first visual indication that mitosis is beginning
Chromosomes condense
The human genome contains 22 pairs of blank an 2 sex chromosomes
Chromosomes
The cell theory states that all organisms are composed of blank and these are produced by the division of blank
One or more cells, pre-existing cells
The modern cell theory recognizes that blank is past to daughter cells during cell division in a chemical form called blank
Heredity and DNA
Structures possessed by plant cells that are absent in animal cells
Cell wall, vacuole
DNA rich area with a bacterial cell
Nucleoid
Organelles with double membrane’s circular DNA and prokaryote sized ribozymes
Mitochondria chloroplasts and nucleus
RNA rich area within eukaryote nucleus
Nucleolus
Protein filaments in cilia and flagella composed of spirally arrange globular proteins
Microtubules
Packaging center of cell substances synthesized by the cell our package and distributed from this system
Golgi apparatus
Name of protein walled tubes that allow exchange of materials between animal cells functionally similar to blank of plants
Gap junctions, plasmodesmata
A single layer of lipid bilayer membrane that is associated with various proteins and controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
Plasma membrane
General category of membrane proteins anchored by a transmembrane segment penetrates completely through my brain
Integral
Form of facilitated diffusion stimulus molecule attaches to membrane protein protein opens into a tunnel across membrane
Gated channels
Globular structures involved in protein synthesis small and large subunit are composed of RNA and proteins
Ribosomes
Site for much protein synthesis part of Endomembrane system
Rough ER
Type of cell Junction that prohibits movement of materials between epithelial cells
Tight
What general category of molecule could penetrate a membrane most easily
Hydrophobic
Site of photosynthesis in eukaryotes
Chloroplast
Surrounded by double layered membrane with pores formed by an 8 protein pore complex
Nucleus
Energy centers of eukaryote cells most ATP is synthesized here
Mitochondria
Diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane
Osmosis
Substances that dissolve in organic solvents and are insoluble in water
Lipids
Building blocks of fat and oil modules
Glycerol and fatty acid
Number of fatty acids in a phospholipid
2
When the fatty acid is saturated all carbon carbon bonds are single bonds and the remaining balance on each carbon are filled with what element
Hydrogen
The sum of all chemical reactions within an organism
Metabolism
EPA (formula: 20:5n3) is a poly unsaturated fatty acid that provides many health benefits what number in the chemical formula tells you it is a poly unsaturated
Three
Molecules that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions are termed amphipathic what type biological molecule is amphipathic
Phospholipids
What chemical compound is released during a condensation reaction
Water
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and membrane’s increase membrane
Flexibility and fluidity
What is the primary solvent in living systems
Water
General term for ejecting materials from cells through fusion of vesicle membrane with plasma membrane
Exocytosis
General term for taking in of molecules particles or cells via membrane invagination and vesicle formation
Endocytosis
Transport down a concentration gradient that is specific for one substrate can be saturated and does not require energy
Passive transport
Membrane protein responsible for maintaining a resting electrical potential across a membrane important in reestablishing that potential after an action potential
Sodium pump
In what phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is DNA replicated
S phase/synthesis
In what phase of a eukaryotic cell cycle do the first trigger reactions occur that begin preparation for mitosis
G2 phase/gap 2
Mode of division in most bacteria
Fission
Mitosis actually refers to division of the blank only
Nucleus
The process of forming two new cells after mitosis is termed blank
Cytokinesis
Number of chromosomes in each human cell except for sperm and egg
46
What process to eukaryotic chromosomes undertake before going into mitosis it leads to them becoming visible as dark staining strands of the beginning of mitosis
Super coiling
Chromosomes are grouped on the basis of these characteristics
Laying position of centromere banding patterns
Link adjacent cells and permit materials to move around
Desmosomes
All single bonds no kinks straight
Saturated
Double bonds with kinks not straight
Unsaturated
Two functions of mitosis and eukaryotes
Growth and repair
Unlike eukaryotes all prokaryotic cells are small have a little internal structures and contain one to a few chromosomes
True
Nonliving components of bacterial and plant cells external to plasma membrane
Cilia and flagella
Term applied to fluid and organelles and closed by the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
The major building block of unit membranes in cells
Phospholipids
In what phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle are large quantities of M RNA and microtubule proteins produced
None not G1 S or G2