Teratogens Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Teratogens Deck (20)
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1
Q

Aklylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

2
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

CN VIII toxicity

3
Q

Carbamazepine

A

neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, intrauterine growth restriction

4
Q

Diethylstilbesterol (DES)

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

5
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Neural tube defects

6
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

7
Q

Methimazole

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

8
Q

Phenytoin

A

fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phlanges, cardiac defects, Intrauterine growth restriction, intellectual disability

9
Q

Tetracyclines

A

discolored teeth

10
Q

Thalidomide

A

Limb defects

11
Q

Valproate

A

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption leading to neural tube defects

12
Q

Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion opthalmologic abnormalties

13
Q

Alcohol

A

intellectual disability

Fetal alcohol syndrome: pre and postnatal developmental retardation, microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities: smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, hypertelorism (increased space between eyes), limb dislocation, and heart defects

14
Q

Cocaine

A

Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction

Placental abruption

15
Q

Smoking (nicotine/CO)

A

Leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries

Associated with preterm labor

Placental problems, intrauterine growth restriction, ADHD

16
Q

Iodine (lack or excess)

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism

17
Q

Maternal diabetes

A

Caudal regression syndrome: anal atresia to sirenomelia (legs fused together)-agenesis of sacrum and lumbar spine-paralysis of legs, dorsiflexed contractures of feet, urinary incontinence

congenital heart defects (transposition of great vessels), neural tube defects

Transient hypoglycemia in infant (due to Beta cell hyperplasia), Polycythemia and hyperviscocity

Macrosomia (increased fat deposition and enhanced fetal growth)

18
Q

Vitamin A excess

A

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

19
Q

X- Rays

A

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

20
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Renal damage