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Oral Histology > Taste buds and stuf > Flashcards

Taste buds and stuf Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the tongue has specialized mucosa?

A

Dorsal

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2
Q

Body of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3

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3
Q

Root of the tongue

A

Posterior 1/3

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4
Q

Terminal sulcus

A

Divides the anterior and posterior portions of the tongue

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5
Q

What type of epithelium covers the tongue

A

Mostly keratinized

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6
Q

What give the tongue its rough surface?

A

Papillae

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7
Q

What CN inneervate the taste buds?

A

VII, IX, X

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8
Q

What provides touch sensory to the tongue?

A

A-beta fibers

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9
Q

What innervates warming sensation of the tongue

A

C-fibers

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10
Q

What innervates cooling sensation of the tongue?

A

A-delta fibers

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11
Q

What provides pain sensation of the tongue

A

A-delta and C-fibers

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12
Q

What provides somatosensory innervations of the anterior tongue?

A

CN V

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13
Q

What provides somatosensory innervation to the posterior of the tongue

A

CN IX

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14
Q

Meissner Corpuscles

A

Large (A-beta) axons that terminate in the superficial lamina propria between rete pegs

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15
Q

Which nerves are “rapidly adapting”? what does that mean?

A

Meissner Corpuscles
Respond only to the changing aspects of the stimulus - mechanically sensitive receptors are embedded in the nerve fiber endings

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16
Q

Which nerves are “slowly adapting”? What does that mean?

A

Merkel endings

Respond both to the changing aspects and static phases of stimulus

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17
Q

In Merkel endings, where does the initial firing come form, and where does the continued firing come form?

A

Initial firing comes from activation of the receptors in the nerve fiber itself
Sustained firing comes from activation of receptors in the Merkel cell which communicates synaptically with the associated fiber

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18
Q

Nocioceptors

A

Free nerve endings that sense pain

Merkel endings and Meissner corpuscles can’t code for nosxious sensations

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19
Q

What are some things taste can detect/distinguish?

A

Can distinguish nutritive v non-nutritive substances
Can distinguish nutrients
Can detect harmful substances

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20
Q

What are the 5 classes of taste reception?

A 
Sugars - sweet
Amino acids - umami
Salts - salty
Acids - sour
Varied - bitter
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21
Q

T/F - Sensations of spiciness is dependent of taste system

A

False - dependent on the pain system - TRP receptors

22
Q

How many cells in a taste bud? How are these cells oriented

A

40-60

90 degrees to the rest of the epithelium

23
Q

What cellular structure are taste receptors located?

A

Microvilli

24
Q

Taste pore

A

Opening to keratinized layer to let things diffuse and be sensed by microvilli
Lateral to the microvilli

25
Q

T/F - Taste buds are only on the tongue

A

False - they are mostly on the tongue, but there are some in the pharynx and soft palate

26
Q

Fungiform papillae shape

A

Mushroom shaped

27
Q

What innervates fungiform papillae?

A

Chorda tympani branch of VII

-They arise from arch I, but the innervation arises from arch II

28
Q

Where are fungiform papillae located?

A

On the dorsal anterior tongue, among more numerous filliform papillae

29
Q

Filiform papillae

A

Spine shaped
Heavily keratinized
Do not contain taste buds
Innervated by sommatosensory only

30
Q

Foliate papillae location. Why is it strategic?

A

Lateral aspect of the posterior portion of the anterior tongue
Monitor food during chewing

31
Q

Where are taste buds located of foliate papillae?

A

In the trenches

32
Q

Where are taste buds of fungiform papillae located?

A

On the top

33
Q

Foliate papillae

A

2-9 parallel folds in dorsoventral orientation

Closely associated with Von Ebners glands

34
Q

Circumvallate papilae

A

8-10 papillae arranged in a V in the most posterior anterior tongue

35
Q

What is the structure of circumvallate papillae?

A

Central connective tissue core surrounded by a trench

36
Q

Why is the location of circumvallate papillae strategic?

A

Monitor food just before swallowing

37
Q

Where are tastebuds located in Circumvallate papillae?

A

In the trench

38
Q

What happens when a single taste nerve is damaged?

A

The effects of that single taste nerve an be clearly detected. However, when that person is allowed to use all the taste buds in their mouth, the effects are very minor

39
Q

Type I cells

A

Stain for glial markers and don’t have microglia or synapses.
This suggests that these cells are likely for support

40
Q

Dark staining taste bud cells

A

Type I cells

41
Q

Light staining taste bud cells

A

Type II cells

Type III cells

42
Q

Type III cells

A

Sour
Synapse with primary afferent nerve
Have microvilli

43
Q

Type II cells

A

Bitter, sweet, amino acids
Do not synapse with primary afferent nerve
Have microvilli

44
Q

How do type II cells get their messages to the brain?

A

ATP is released from type II cells without the aid of a typical synapse, and uses a special voltage-gated ion channel

45
Q

What signaling molecule do precursor taste buds cells express?

A

Shh

46
Q

How do taste buds develop?

A

First develops as a specialization of epithlium called a ‘placode’
Development requires cell-to-cell signaling
Final differentiation requires neural innervation

47
Q

When does the tongue appear?

A

Week 4 IU

48
Q

When do the lingual papillae develop?

A

Week 8 IU

49
Q

When do taste buds first appear?

A

Week 8 IU

50
Q

When do taste pores appear?

A

Week 12 IU

Oral Histology (12 decks)

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